Pigs Flashcards
what is the aim for weaning weight?
7kg
what is the aim for grower weight?
30kg
what is the aim for finishing weight?
130kg
what are breeding sows vaccinated for to give passive immunity to sows?
Erysipelas
porcine circovirus 2
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
E. coli
Clostridium perfringens
Haemophilus parasuis
atrophic rhinitis
what are growing herds vaccinated against to create active immunity?
Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
porcine circovirus 2
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
Haemophilus parasuis (glassers)
Lawsonia intracellularis
erysipelas
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
E. coli
what autogenous vaccine is available for pigs?
Salmonella typhimurium
what are the three types of vaccines?
inactivated
live
autogenous
how can vaccines be administered to pigs?
SC, IM, intradermal, oral, in water
what are piglets vaccinated against?
Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
porcine circovirus 2
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
Haemophilus parasuis (glassers)
Lawsonia intracellularis
erysipelas
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
E. coli
what are piglets vaccinated against?
Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
porcine circovirus 2
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
Haemophilus parasuis (glassers)
Lawsonia intracellularis
erysipelas
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
E. coli
when are autogenous vaccines used?
only in emergency cases/outbreak prevention
what site should be used for subcutaneous injections?
neck
what site should be used for intramuscular injections?
neck
how long should records of drugs and vaccines be able to date back to?
> 5 years
how are the majority of antibiotics administered to pigs?
in feed
what antibiotics can be used prophylactically in pigs?
none - prophylactic use is banned
what drugs have high penetration to most tissues?
tetracyclines, fluoroquinolone, florfenicol
what size needle should be used for weaners?
21G 5/8” (green)
what size needle should be used for growers?
19G 1” (pink)
what size needle should be used for finishers?
16G 1’ (metal)
what coccidiostat is used in pigs?
toltrazuril
what drugs can be used in pigs to stimulate oestrus?
PG600 - chorionic gonadotropin
GnRH analogues
what drugs can be used to synchronise oestrus in pigs?
synthetic progestogens
what drugs can be used to induce farrowing in pigs?
prostaglandin F2 alpha
what drugs can be used to cause uterine contraction in pigs?
oxytocin
how are progestogens used to synchronise oestrus in pigs?
given orally for 18 days then oestrus is seen 5 days after last dose (need to be accurate)
how long is the normal ovarian cycle of a sow?
19-23 days
what is the positive feedback loop associated with lactation?
suckling stimulates prolactin release which causes more milk production
what is the negative feedback loop associated with lactation?
suckling stimulates death of gonadotrophin so there is no ovarian activity
what is a very prominent feature of a pig with BCS 1?
prominent backbone
when does ovulation occur in relation to heat?
38-42 hours after the start of true heat
how can you stimulate a sow during AI?
rub mammary glands
put pressure on back/shoulders
put pressure on side/flanks
vulval stimulation
gentle manipulation of catheter
vocalisation
what are the signs a sow is in heat?
vulva - red, swollen, mucous
vocalisation
interest in boar
flank nosing
smelling/standing next to boar
allows mounting
what is the possible fate of semen post insemination?
reflux
phagocytosis
fertilisation
what are the features of a good AI area?
close to sows
away from boars
nose/nose contact with boar
individual insemination pen
stress free post service area
good pig flow, gates, storage, light
what is the overall production of farrowing unit measured by?
pigs born alive per sow per year
what is the ideal time from weaning to service?
1 week
what is the ideal time from farrowing to weaning?
4 weeks
what is the ideal time from service to farrowing?
16 weeks
what are some possible infectious causes of poor fertility?
porcine parvovirus
PRRS
porcine circovirus 2
swine influenza
leptospirosis
SMEDI viruses
what could cause irregular returns?
being in pig
loss of pregnancy
infection (tracking endometritis)
what are the points at which the cervix is open and infection could enter to cause endometritis?
at/post service
farrowing
what ate some possible causes of implantation disruption?
stress
nutrition
seasonal influence
disease
what diseases influence the number of piglets born alive or mummified?
stress
parvovirus
RSSV
PCV2
erysipelas
leptospirosis
