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Farm (year 4) > Cardiology and death > Flashcards

Cardiology and death Flashcards

1
Q

what are some non-cardiac signs of cardiac disease?

A

reduced production
exercise intolerance
increased urine output
syncope
poor apprentice/BCS

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2
Q

what can be examined to check the cardiovascular system?

A

skin tone (dehydration)
regional temperatures (ears…)
mucous membranes
pulse
heart rate/rhythm/amplitude

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3
Q

why may the MM be pale?

A

anaemia - deficiencies, toxicities, blood/protein loss
poor perfusion - shock, heart failure, thrombosis

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4
Q

what are some deficiencies that could cause anaemia?

A

iron, copper, cobalt

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5
Q

what are some toxicities that may cause anaemia?

A

kale, nitrate, molybdenum

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6
Q

what are some possible causes of red MM?

A

toxaemia
salmonella
pasturellosis
malignant catarrhal fever
infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

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7
Q

what can cause cyanosis of the MM?

A

respiratory failure
nitrate poisoning
metaldehyde poisoning

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8
Q

what can cause jaundice of MM?

A

hepatitis
haemolytic anaemia (babesia)
photosensitisation
ragwort, kale, lupin, copper poisoning
postpartum haemoglobinuria
leptospirosis

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9
Q

what can cause haemorrhagic colour MM?

A

anthrax
bracken
sweet vernal grass poisoning
acute copper toxicity
leptospirosis
mycotoxicosis

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10
Q

where can a pulse be measured on a cow?

A

middle coccygeal - below anus
medial inside forelimb
caudal auricular

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11
Q

what is the HR for calves?

A

100-120 bpm

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12
Q

what is the HR for cattle?

A

50-80 bpm (high yielder up to 95bpm)

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13
Q

what could cause a decreased amplitude of the heart?

A

myocardial weakness, toxaemia, shock

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14
Q

what can cause distention of the jugular vein?

A

right sided heart failure

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15
Q

should a jugular pulse be seen in normal cows?

A

yes - 1/3 the way up

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16
Q

what could a jugular pulse going all the way up the neck suggest?

A

endocarditis, pericarditis, haemothorax, hydrothorax, congestive heart failure, valvular stenosis
thymic/cardiac sporadic bovine leukosis

17
Q

what causes the sub sound of the heart?

A

ventricular contraction and AV valve closure (systole)

18
Q

what causes the dub sound of the heart?

A

closure of aortic/pulmonary valves (diastole)

19
Q

what is the usual cause of endocarditis in cattle?

A

persistant bacteraemia (metritis, mastitis, nephritis…)

20
Q

what valve is most commonly effected by endocarditis?

A

right atrioventricular

21
Q

what are some congenital causes of heart murmurs?

A

ventricular septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus
patent foramen ovale
tetrology of fallot

22
Q

what is hardware disease?

A

traumatic reticulitis

23
Q

what breed has a genetic predisposition to dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

holstein cattle (being bred out)

24
Q

where is the thrombus associated with caudal vena cava thrombosis found?

A

between liver and right atrium

Farm (year 4) (17 decks)

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