Ophthalmology

Question 1

what motor nerve block can be used for the eye?

Answer 1

auricopalpebral block

Question 2

what primary eye diseases are seen in cattle?

Answer 2

infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivits (new forest eye)
bovine iritis (silage eye)
squamous cell carcinoma

Question 3

what causes new forest eye?

Answer 3

Morexella bovis

Question 4

what antibiotics are used to treat new forest eye (Morexella bovis)?

Answer 4

beta lactams

Question 5

what are the clinical signs of new forest eye?

Answer 5

lachrymation
blepharospasm
white spot in conjunctiva (keratitis)
ulcers
neovascularisation from inside of eye

Question 6

how is new forest eye treated?

Answer 6

eye ointment - cloxacillin based
subconjunctival injection - oxytetracycline
suture eyelid closed

Question 7

why is it advised to keep animals with new forest eye indoor?

Answer 7

they are photophobic

Question 8

what are the risk factors for new forest eye?

Answer 8

flies and habitat (woodland)
dust/chaff
UV light
viral pneumonia

Question 9

what is bovine iritis also known as?

Answer 9

silage eye

Question 10

what causes bovine iritis?

Answer 10

immune reaction to antigens of listeria

Question 11

what are the clinical signs of bovine iritis?

Answer 11

constricted pupil
patchy corneal opacity
glaucoma
white floccules in anterior chamber
vascularisation

Question 12

how is bovine iritis treated?

Answer 12

subconjunctival injection - atropine, dexamethasone and oxytetracycline

Question 13

what breed are predisposed to squamous cell carcinomas?

Answer 13

herefords

Question 14

what is a major risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma development?

Answer 14

UV exposure

Question 15

how are SCCs of the eye treated?

Answer 15

removal of eye/third eyelid

Question 16

what nerve block is used for enucleation?

Answer 16

retrobulbar

Question 17

what can foreign bodies in the eye lead to?

Answer 17

keratitis

Question 18

what is malignant catarrhal fever infection of cows typically associated with?

Answer 18

co grazing of cattle with sheep

Question 19

what are the clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 19

persistant pyrexia
depressed (encephalitis)
nasal/mouth erosions
enlarged lymph nodes
respiratory signs
diarrhoea
(immune mediated vasculitis)

Question 20

what eye lesions are associated with malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 20

conjunctivits
eyelid oedema
blepharospasm
corneal opacity

Question 21

what causes IBR?

Answer 21

bovine herpes virus 1

Question 22

where does IBR infectious stay as a latent infection?

Answer 22

trigeminal ganglion

Question 23

how are vaccine used for IBR?

Answer 23

IM or intra-nasal with the possibility to vaccinate in the face of an outbreak

Question 24

what are the clinical signs of IBR?

Answer 24

pyrexia
conjunctivitis and serous discharge
corneal oedema
nasal lesions/discharge
severe milk drop

Question 25

what are the clinical signs of listeriosis?

Answer 25

encephalitis circling unilateral facial paralysis - dry eye, ear droop... depressed retracted mean response

Question 26

what is used to treat listeriosis?

Answer 26

oxytetracycline or penicillin

Question 27

what lesion of the eye is associated with BVD?

Answer 27

cataracts

Question 28

what eye lesion is associated with septicaemia?

Answer 28

hypopyon

Question 29

what are some possible causes of blindness?

Answer 29

CCN lead poisoning vitamin A deficiency twin lamb disease

Question 30

what are some risk factors for cerebrocortical necrosis?

Answer 30

thiamine (vit B1) deficiency young growing cattle/sheep dietary change/high energy diet

Question 31

what are some clinical signs of CCN?

Answer 31

star gazing no menace response PLR is present nystagmus and convulsions opistothonus

Question 32

how can CCN be treated?

Answer 32

thiamine supplement diet change

Question 33

what are the clinical signs of lead poisoning?

Answer 33

no menace response dilated pupils tremors/convulsions

Question 34

what is used to treat lead poisoning?

Answer 34

EDTA and magnesium

Question 35

what are the clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 35

night blindness no menace response dilated pupils oedema of optic disc