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Farm (year 4) > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

what factors can contribute to rub marks on cows?

A

cubicle design/bedding
feed barriers
cleanliness - management, SARA…
welfare/bullying

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2
Q

what is pediculosis?

A

lice infestation

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3
Q

what are the main clinical signs of lice infestations in cattle?

A

usually pruritic
patterned hair loss - head, neck, flanks, shoulders

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4
Q

what are the two types of lice?

A

sucking and chewing

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5
Q

what sucking lice are found in cattle?

A

Linognathus vital
Haematopinus eurysternus

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6
Q

what chewing lice are found in cattle?

A

Bovicola bovis

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7
Q

what can heavy sucking lice infestations have on calves?

A

anaemia

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8
Q

what possible mite infestations can effect cows?

A

Chorioptes bovis
Sarcoptes scabei
Psoroptes bovis
Demodex bovis
(most to least rare)

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9
Q

what are the clinical signs of mite infestations in cattle?

A

pruritis, rubbing and hair loss

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10
Q

what is the distribution of Chorioptes and Psoroptes?

A

legs, feet, tail base, caudal udder

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11
Q

what is the distribution of Sarcoptes?

A

neck and face

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12
Q

how can mites be diagnosed?

A

skin scrapes around the edge of lesions (deep needs capillary ooze)

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13
Q

which mite of cattle is zoonotic?

A

Sarcoptes scabei

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14
Q

what shaped pedicles does Chorioptes bovis?

A

cup shaped

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15
Q

what shaped pedicles does Sarcoptes scabei have?

A

trumpet

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16
Q

what is done to treat pediculosis and mites in cattle?

A

check underlying health, management and husbandry
mild infections are self limiting
synthetic pyrethroids or macrocyclic lactones (determine if chewing/sucking mite)

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17
Q

what is the most common cause of ringworm in cattle?

A

Trichophytan verrucosum

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18
Q

how would ringworm lesions be described?

A

circumscribed crusted plaques that can form large coalescing lesions

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19
Q

how is ringworm treated/controlled?

A

clean/disinfect housing
turn out animals
vaccine can reduce severity
topical enilconazole

20
Q

what causes pustular impetigo in cattle?

A

Staphylococcal infections

21
Q

where is pustular impetigo localised to?

A

wounds, udder, perineum, ear tags

22
Q

what are some common areas for abscess formation?

A

lower jaw
lymph nodes
infected/chronic haematomas
penetrating injuries

23
Q

what causes lumpy jaw?

A

Actinomyces bovis

24
Q

what causes wooden tongue?

A

Actinobacillus ligniersii

25
Q

what causes rain scald?

A

Dermatophilus congolesis

26
Q

why is curing lumpy jaw (Actinomyces bovis) often difficult?

A

usually underlying osteomyelitis is present

27
Q

what conditions cause rain scald (streptothricosis)?

A

wet weather and skin microtrauma

28
Q

what is done to treat rain scald?

A

topical disinfectant
oxytetracycline/penicilin
move to dry environment (house)

29
Q

what is used to treat bovine viral papillomatosis?

A

generally self-limiting (surgical removal indicated if penile/teat)

30
Q

what systemic diseases could cause ulceration of the mouth?

A

mucosal disease
malignant catharral fever
IBR
foot and mouth

31
Q

what are the clinical signs of foot and mouth?

A

pyrexia (>40 degrees), depression, lameness
vesicles on muzzle, tongue, nostrils, feet

32
Q

what deficiency causes a poor growth rate and brown tinged coat with spectacles?

A

copper deficiency (molybdenum toxicity)

33
Q

what are some causes of photosensitisation?

A

st johns wort
ragwort
liver damage (phylloerythrin accumulation)

34
Q

what causes sheep scab?

A

Psoroptes ovis

35
Q

what is sheep scab?

A

allergic skin reaction to Psoroptes Otis mites and faeces

36
Q

what are the clinical signs of sheep scab?

A

wool loss, scaling, crusting
dermatitis/secondary infection
disrupted feeding and condition loss
intense pruritis and discomfort

37
Q

how is sheep scab diagnosed?

A

skin scrape from edge of the lesion
serum antibody ELISA

38
Q

is sheep scab notifiable?

A

it is in Scotland
not in England - requires mandatory treatment

39
Q

how is sheep scab treated?

A

organophosphate dip - diazinon

40
Q

what lice infects sheep?

A

Bovicola ovis

41
Q

what are the clinical signs of Bovicola ovis?

A

(generally incidental finding unless heavy infestation)
pruritis - fleece loss and damage

42
Q

what could heavy lice infestations in sheep indicate?

A

underlying health/nutrition risk
heavy stocking density

43
Q

where are orf lesions found?

A

mouth, feet and teats

44
Q

what is used to treat/contol orf?

A

self-limiting
antibiotics for secondary infection
scabivax (only in infection confirmed)
good biosecurity

45
Q

how long does it take for orf to heal?

A

1-4 weeks (self limiting)

46
Q

wha causes caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

47
Q

what are some diseases flies/ticks are vectors for?

A

bluetongue
schmallenberg
new forest disease
BVD
summer mastitis
tick borne disease (babesiosis, Q-fever)

Farm (year 4) (17 decks)

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