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Reproduction > Pig Repro > Flashcards

Pig Repro Flashcards

0
Q

What is a target no. litters/year?

A

2.2-2.4

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1
Q

What is the target piglets/soq/year?

A

22-26

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2
Q

Target litter size?

A

12-14

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3
Q

Target preweaning mortality?

A

<10%

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4
Q

what age do pigs reach puberty? what weight?

A
  • 6-8 months

- 120 kg

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5
Q

Which oestrus are pigs first mated at?

A
  • 2nd or 3rd (3rd best)
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6
Q

What is the gestation length of the pig?

A
  • 115 (3months 3 weeks 3days)

- differs between herds

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7
Q

How long do pigs lactate for?

A
  • 28d

- minimum weaning age

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8
Q

How long does it take pigs to return to oestrus?

A

3-5d

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9
Q

How many parities are pigs culled after?

A

6

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10
Q

How many follicles on each ovary at ovulation?

A

20

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11
Q

WHere does feritlisation take place in the pig?

A

Oviduct (sperm must enter before ovulation occours)

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12
Q

How is maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig?

A

Release of E2 to inhibit PG production (which would cause luteolysis)

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13
Q

WHat happens around the time of embreyo implantation? What happens to delayed implantation piglets?

A
  • embreyos move into uterus, move around uterus and implant
  • change uterine environment
    > late comers likely to die off
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14
Q

When does the sow ovulate?

A
  • NOT 12 hours after standing oestrus like in cows.
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15
Q

HOw long is a sow in standing oestrus for?

A

~2d

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16
Q

When does the sow ovulate?

A

2/3 way through standing oestrus period

- but this time changes depending on length of oestrus which is variable each cycle

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17
Q

What happens to sperm after entering the uterus?

A

Parks up in oviduct and enters low metabolic state

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18
Q

HOw is PD carried out in the sow?

A
  • ultrasound A mode, doppler
  • hormones
  • visual (only week before farrowing)
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19
Q

HOw early can farrowing be induced?

A

2-3d before expected date

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20
Q

Why may parity 2 dip occour?

A

Improper nutrition - following first litter while growing herself, lactation massive energy demand -> opposite of flushing, v litter size

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21
Q

HOw may oestrus be induced without drugs? Eg. if sows reaching 120kg and not coming into oestrus.

A

Stress group of pigs!!

- put into a lorry and drive round for couple of hours

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22
Q

WHat is regular return defined as in the pig?

A

21d

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23
Q

What is the general cause for regular returns?

A

boar problem

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24
Q

What is the common cause for irregular returns?

A
  • management problems
  • early embreyonic losses
  • be aware by coincidence this may happen at regular return date aswell
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25
Q

How many sows are culled per year?

A

40%

26
Q

Look at lecture for slide of targets and interference levels

A
27
Q

What happens if <6 embreyos in uterus at beginning of pregnancy?

A
  • reabsorbed, not viable to have such a small litter
28
Q

What are liekly causes of mummifeid foetuses/stillbirths of all one size?

A

uterine environment affected at one time (stress or fever, toxic or nutiritonal causes)

29
Q

At hat age are foetuses immunocomeptetn?

A

70d

30
Q

What will piglets >35d dying look like?

A

Mummified through to sillborn (pig like) as ossification has begun.

31
Q

How may environment affect pregnancy?

A
  • sunburn -> PG release and abortion
32
Q

Waht may cause abortion?

A
  • micronutrient vet E and A
  • mycotoxins
  • oestrogens?
33
Q

What are SMEDI type problems usually caused by?

A
  • Parvo

- enteroviruses

34
Q

DOes parvo cause abortion?

A

NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

causes SMEDI

35
Q

How may parvovirus be controlled?

A

Vax 8 weeks before service on first occasion [and 2 weeks before for subsequent boosters ?? NOT NECESSARY! long duration of immunity from initial vax]

36
Q

What type of immmunity is aimed for with parvo virus?

A
  • odd mummified foetus to show it is endemic in the herd

- otherwise at risk of explosive outbreak

37
Q

PAthogens causing equential embreyonic death?

A
  • PRRS
  • SIV (swine influenza )
  • Erysipelas (vasculitis)
  • Leptospirosis (sigificance debatable)
  • PCV2?
    > notifiable diseases
  • AD, CSF, ASF
38
Q

How does smedi differ to sequential embreyonic death?

A

DOnt know ! Look up

39
Q

What is blue ear disease? Is it common?

A

Porcine repro and resp syndrome

- rare now

40
Q

WHat do you vax pigs for? What else should be done at this time?

A
  • parvo
  • erysipelas (esp outdoor and smallholding definitely)
  • PCV2
    +clostridia for outdoor pigs (cuases sudden death but not repro disorders)
  • paired blood sample 2-3weeks apart (freeze serum in clotted tube) no need to test unless something goes wrong
  • check for rising titres
41
Q

How can you estimate gestational age?

A
  • crown rump length
    21 + (3xcrown/rump length(cm))
    = days
42
Q

Lab investigations - what samples should be sent off?

A

3 foetuses minimal

  • stomach contents
  • liver (risk of contamination in post)
  • chill dont freeze
43
Q

targets for abortion, mummified and still born/litter

A
  • 1% abrtion
  • 2% mummification
  • 7% stillborn
44
Q

When is vaginal prolapse seen?

A

PRE farrowing

45
Q

Tx vaginal prolapse

A
  • purse string suture or Buhner suture
  • ABx
  • NSAIDs (aspirin licensed)
46
Q

What is Zearelenone toxicity?

A

OEstrogenic consumption -> herd problems

47
Q

WHat does borwn staining in the trachea indicate?

A

Meconium inhalation - dystocia and distress during birth

48
Q

WHen does corneal opacity (blue appearance) occour?

A

24hours post mortem

49
Q

What is the commonest cause of intra-partum death?

A
  • prologned farrowing
  • last 3rd of partuiriton piglets
  • NOT infectious
50
Q

Why iis temperature regulation difficult inthe farrowing house?

A
  • piglets get cold eassily

- sows overheat easily

51
Q

Common causes of postparturient death?

A
  • chilling

- overlying

52
Q

How do piglets choose their nipple?

A

Stick to the one they first choose - will not go to free teat

53
Q

What is AIAO?

A

all in all out - disease control

  • good practice
  • do not leave smaller piglets behind (likely to be the most diseased!)
54
Q

What mechanical problems are common in farrowing houses?

A
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning from faulty heaters

- faulty electrics where farmers have fiddled

55
Q

COngential abnormalities

A
  • lack of anus (atresia ani)
  • ## splay leg
56
Q

How should OT be given?

A

2-5IU in a drip (want small doses frequently)

57
Q

How regularly should pigelts be born?

A

every 20 minutes

58
Q

Is assisstance indicated for a first farrowing sow?

A

No - will make repeats more likely in subsequent farrowing

59
Q

When is uterine prolapse seen?

A

post farrowing

  • bladder often come ouut too
  • catheterise before internalising
60
Q

can you rectal a sow?

A

Yes provided not a gilt

61
Q

When does hypocalceimia occour?

A

Post partum

62
Q

How many teats shouuld a pig have?

A

14

63
Q

WHat is a common cause of agalactiae?

A

lack of water

  • dry chalky vulva
  • dired up mammary glands

Reproduction (30 decks)

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