Bacterial Infections Pregnant Uterus Flashcards
What re the 3 sources of infection of the genita tract?
- Venereal transmission eg. CEMO (contagious equine metritits0
- Endogenous eg. s. zooepidemicus on mucosal surfaces
- Environmental eg. B licheniformis (spores in hay, soil etc.)
Give some bacterial causes of bovine abortion
- Leptospira hardjo
- Salmonella Dublin
- Bacillus LIcheniformis
- Brucela abortus and meitensis
- Mycoses
What problems may leptospira organisms cause?
- abortion
- v milk yield
- infertility
What is the reservoir of leptospira?
- cattle and sheep co-grazing
- water
- shared bull/new animals
How is leptospira diagnosed and what else is important to mention to the ownr?
- paired herd serology testing (check for ^ Abs over time)
- it is zoonotic
- 77% herds are infected
How do letopira appear on dark field microscopy?
- light as stain doesnt stick (too thin)
- highly motile
Describe bacillus licheniforms
- aerobic
- G+ spore forming rod
- opportunistic environmental organism
What type of disease dows bacillus licheniformis cause?
- sporadic abortion
Why may bacillus licheniformis be difficult to Dx with cultrue etc.?
from the environment so sample of aborted material likely to be easily contaminated!!
Is brucella abortus common in UK?
Eradicated!!
- present in Ireland and parts of Europe
Pathogenesis of brucella abortus?
- zoonotic causes undulant fever in humans
- chronic infections, granulomatous lesions, migration to placenta (erythritol sugar alcohol - not sure of relevance!?)
- causes placentitis leading to abortion
Describe brucella abortus
Delicate G-ve cocco-acillus
What is used to stain brue=cella abortus?
Kosters stain
WHat is salmonella cultured in?
XLD medium
How may fungal abortino be distinguished?
Distinctive lesions on aborted foetuses
What is the cause of bovine infectious infertility?
- campylobacter fetus venerealis (G- rod)
Where is campylobacter fetus venerealis found and what is the pathophysiology?
- mms and prepuce of bul - lifelong asymptomatic infection
- infection of COW causes catarrhal inflammation of the genital tract, endometritits, inflammation and abortion
How may bovine infectious infertility be detected?
- culture of sheath washings or abortion products
What are the causes on bovine non-specific post partum endometritits? What pathology does this disease cause?
- Trueperella
- E. COli
- Enterococcus feacalis
- Anaerobes eg. bacteroides sp.
- > Bovine pyometra
What 2 pathogens are mainly responsible for ovine abortion?
- Toxoplasma
- Clamydophila
When does chlamydophila cause abortion?
Late pregnancy
How does chlamydophila infect cells?
Obligate intracellular pathogen, causes persistnet infection
Does chlamyophila affect subsequent fertility?
No
What is the reservoir of chlamydophila and how is it spread?
- sheep, feaces, birds, pasture reservoir
- Venereal or oral transmission
How may chlamydophila be detected?
Antigen detection by ELISA and Kosters (modified ZN) stain or PCR
Can chlamydophila be vaccinated against?
Yes, will prevent new cases but not clear established infection
Where does chlamydophila mature/
In RBCs
Where is camyplobacter foetus foetus found/reservoir? How does this eventually cause abortion?
INtestinal tract and feaces
- consumed, causes bacteraemia and ends up in placenta -> abortion
What are the 2 pathogens that cause pyometra and endometritits in dogs?
- Coliforms eg. E.Coli
- B-haemolytic strep (eg. S. Canis, S, zooepidemicus)
WHat pathogens commonly cause prostatitis in dogs?
- non specific infection
- E. Coli, proteus, strep, staph, mycoplasma felis
Which is the commonest pathogen to cause abortion in mares? What is its classification?
S zooepidemicus (B haemolytic strep, lancefield group C)
What casues CEM in horses?
Taylorella Equigenitalis
How does CEM infection differ to brucella?
CEM = acute, contagious, venereal transmission
Brucella can persist undetected
WHat clinical signs does CEM cause?
MARE - metritits - cervicitis - discharge 10-14d after breeding STALLION - asymptomatic
Where is CEM endemic?
Non-TBs in EUrope
What pathogen causes equine metritis? What may this ultimately cause and where is the reservoir?
Klebsiella pnumoniae
- enteric bacteria
- causes abortion
Which pathogens must be tested by culturing to demonstrate freedom from infection before breeding?
Klebsiella pnumoniae
Pseudomonas aeroguinosa
