Physiology - Neurological and Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

A ______ ____ is due to bleeding that occurs when there is a rupture in a cerebral artery within the brain (____) or in the space between the brain and the membrane that covers the brain (_____ hemorrhage).

Answer 1

hemorrhagic stroke; intracerebral hemorrhage; subarachnoid

Question 2

A(n) ________ is caused by a blood clot that developed in an artery in the brain:

Answer 2

thrombotic stroke

Question 3

A(n) ____ is caused by a blood clot that developed in the heart or elsewhere in the body and traveled through the bloodstream to the brain.

Answer 3

(embolic stroke)

Question 4

____________ headaches begin with an aura and involve throbbing pain that may be limited to one side of the head and that worsens with physical activity along with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and/or sound.

Answer 4

classic migraines

Question 5

A stroke involving the middle cerebral artery that affects a patient’s non-dominant hemisphere is most likely to produce which of the following symptoms?

Answer 5

contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral homonymous hemianopia, apraxia, and sensory neglect

Question 6

The following symptoms are caused by a stroke that involves the middle cerebral artery and affects the dominant hemisphere

Answer 6

contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral homonymous hemianopia, dysarthria, and aphasia

Question 7

following sxs are caused by a stroke involving the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 7

contralateral hemiparesis, mutism, apathy, confusion, and impaired judgment

Question 8

these sxs are caused by a stroke involving the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 8

contralateral homonymous hemianopia, unilateral cortical blindness, visual agnosia, and memory loss

Question 9

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are ____ neuroimaging techniques that provide information on ___________

Answer 9

structural; the brain’s physical structure,

Question 10

what is deep brain stimulation (DBS) and which issues it is used for

Answer 10

DBS is a surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia (especially primary dystonia) that involves implanting a device that sends electrical signals to areas in the brain that control movement.

Question 11

____ seizures don’t cause a loss of consciousness while _____ seizures do impair consciousness.

Answer 11

simple partial; complex partial

Question 12

The most common type is primary hypertension, which is also known as essential hypertension and is diagnosed when the cause of elevated blood pressure is ____. In contrast, secondary hypertension is diagnosed when the cause is ____.

Answer 12

unknown; known

Question 13

A progressive loss of dopamine-producing cells in the __________ has been linked to Parkinson’s disease.

Answer 13

substantia nigra

Question 14

Diabetes insipidus is usually caused by a low level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by the:

Answer 14

pituitary gland

Question 15

Restless leg syndrome is associated with __ dopamine levels

Answer 15

low

Question 16

Pramipexole and ropinirole are ____________

Answer 16

dopamine agonists

Question 17

Which of the following types of seizures involves a very brief loss of consciousness with a blank stare?

Answer 17

Generalized onset non-motor seizures are also known as absence seizures

Question 18

The woman’s feeling that she’s on a roller coaster accompanied by a sense of fear and automatisms (being fidgety and smacking her lips) are most characteristic of _____ lobe seizures.

Answer 18

temporal

Question 19

levodopa is generally considered to be more effective for ____ than for tremor. (parkinsons)

Answer 19

bradykinesia

Question 20

Bradykinesia is

Answer 20

slowness of movement and speed (or progressive hesitations/halts) as movements are continued.

Question 21

An _____ occurs when there is blockage in a cerebral artery that is due to a blood clot or piece of plaque.

Answer 21

ischemic stroke

Question 22

A ____ is due to bleeding that occurs when there is a rupture in a cerebral artery

Answer 22

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 23

Heat intolerance is characteristic of _____

Answer 23

hyperthyroidism

Question 24

Insulin overproduction by the __________ can cause a decrease in blood glucose levels and hypoglycemia.

Answer 24

pancreas

Question 25

_________ is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that is used to detect abnormalities in the brain’s white matter,

Answer 25

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Question 26

Generalized onset seizures always include

Answer 26

a loss of consciousness.

Question 27

sxs of ____ are tremor, sweating, tachycardia, difficulty sleeping, anxiety, sensitivity to heat, and unexplained weight loss.

Answer 27

hyperthyroidism

Question 28

sxs of _____ are fatigue, muscle cramps, bradycardia, constipation, dry skin, depression, sensitivity to cold, and unexplained weight gain.

Answer 28

hypothyroidism

Question 29

sxs of ___ are shaking, sweating, hunger, dizziness, irritability, disorientation, weakness, sleepiness, and pallor.

Answer 29

hypoglycemia

Question 30

sxs of _____ are frequent and excessive urination, extreme thirst, dehydration, constipation, weight loss, and low blood pressure.

Answer 30

diabetes insipidus

Question 31

aphasia caused by damage to certain areas of the ____ hemisphere

Answer 31

dominant

Question 32

Migraine headaches have been linked to low levels of:

Answer 32

serotonin