AATBS practice exam 7 Flashcards
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) involves a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that has lasted for at least six months and had an onset before ___ years of age
12
Habit reversal training is used to
eliminate habits and other undesirable repetitive behaviors, including tics, trichotillomania, and stuttering.
a condition involving postural rigidity and a lack of response to external stimuli
catalepsy
a sudden loss of muscle tone that can produce muscle weakness, loss of voluntary muscle control, or postural collapse
Cataplexy is associated with narcolepsy. Cataplexy is often precipitated by strong emotion and causes flaccid paralysis (loss of muscle tone).
Narcolepsy involves recurrent periods of an irresistible need to sleep. People diagnosed with this disorder often experience ____ hallucinations.
hypnagogic or hypnopompic
Hypnagogic hallucinations occur while
falling asleep
hypnopompic hallucinations occur while
waking up.
For individuals with Tourette’s Disorder, the onset of __tics ordinarily precedes the onset of ___tics.
motor ; vocal
Tourettes: The reported mean age of onset of motor tics varies, but a commonly reported range is between___years. The onset of vocal tics is usually later, with a mean age of ___
5 and 7 ; 11 years.
The dorsolateral prefrontal region mediates ____. Damage to this area is associated with
executive cognitive functions; deficits in attention, planning, problem-solving, and other higher-order cognitive abilities as well as reduced sexual interest and apathy.
_______ is an entirely novel word, sometimes produced by someone with aphasia.
neologism
___ is a common symptom of early stages multiple sclerosis
ataxia
akinesia
complete or almost complete loss of movement and is associated with advanced, or final stage multiple sclerosis.
akathisia
an uncomfortable sense of restlessness or agitation.
athetosis
Athetosis involves slow writhing involuntary movements.
Agranulocytosis is a potential side effect of clozapine, carbamazepine, and a number of other psychiatric drugs. Which of the following are early symptoms of agranulocytosis?
fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers, and lethargy
A paradoxical effect occurs when
a medication causes side effects of outcomes opposite of the intended outcome. Although, paradoxical effects are observed in people with ADHD, it is more commonly associated with amphetamines or stimulant medications and benzodiazepines.
__ occurs when one presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters many times over some time.
Temporal summation
_______ have a dual function. They produce ova or sperms, and they secrete hormones.
gonads
___ contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons that bring information from the periphery to the spinal cord.
The dorsal root ganglia
___ is a natural alkaloid anticholinergic agent that has potent antimuscarinic effects and is used to treat symptomatic bradycardia.
Atropine
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to offset or reduce the negative effects associated with menopause. Some treatments involve altering estrogen levels only, while others involve altering both estrogen and progesterone levels. HRT tends to be effective for _____
eliminating hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.
___ occurs when acuity is poor in one eye, even though the eye and retina are normal.
Amblyopia
One disadvantage of the SSRI’s is that they may temporarily exacerbate ____
sleep and anxiety problems.
Amitriptyline is a ___antidepressant that increases the levels of both ____by inhibiting their reuptake.
tricyclic ; norepinephrine and serotonin
someone with transcortical aphasia most likely experience
significant difficulties in both producing and comprehending speech
As defined by Piaget, a __________ circular reaction occurs when a baby’s action gets a pleasurable or interesting response from an object or other person, which then leads the baby to repeat the action.
secondary
Early studies on in-group preferences found that children typically demonstrate preferences for members of their own ethnic/racial group and gender by about age
4 and 5, respectively
For children of divorced parents, increased frequency of contact with the noncustodial father:
is associated with fewer behavior problems and better academic achievement only when the father is supportive and authoritative
Studies investigating self-recognition in young children have found that by _______ months of age, over 60% of toddlers recognize their own image in a mirror.
21
Kochanska and Knaack (2003) conclude that effortful (inhibitory) control is an important contributor to the early development of conscience. Their research found that effortful control becomes a stable, coherent trait by ________ months of age.
33-45
Egan and Perry’s (2001) multidimensional model of gender identity consists of five components: membership knowledge, gender typicality, gender contentedness, felt pressure, and:
.
intergroup bias
According to Kohlberg’s cognitive-developmental theory, the development of gender identity involves a sequence of three stages:
gender identity, gender stability, and gender constancy.
Research using elicited imitation tasks (e.g., imitating a sequence of events such as removing a mitten from a puppet, shaking the mitten, and then replacing the mitten on the puppet) indicate that, for most infants, the onset of the ability to recall the past occurs:
between 6 and 12 months of age
Gerald Patterson and his colleagues have developed a model to explain the origins of adolescent delinquency. Their approach is most consistent with which of the following?
social learning theory
Dr. Richard Ferber’s method for getting babies to sleep (“Ferberizing”) is supported by many experts and involves:
a progressive waiting approach
The age of onset of separation anxiety varies from child to child but is usually between six and eight months of age. It then peaks in intensity at about ______ months and thereafter declines.
14-18 months
Baumrind found that children of permissive parents tend to be
“impulsive-aggressive.”
Baumrind found that children of authoritative parents are most often
“energetic-friendly.”
Based on her study of preschoolers and their parents, Diana Baumrind (1967, 1971) concluded that children of __________ parents tend to be aggressive, mistrusting, dependent, and “conflicted-irritable.”
authoritarian
Which is not true about crowding?
Answer A: Men do tend to be more adversely affected by crowding.
Answer B: Children are less affected by crowding than adults.
Answer C: People are more willing to discuss intimate details in crowded (versus uncrowded) conditions
Answer D: Living and working in crowded conditions is associated with more health problems.
c
Social comparison theory’s predictions about behavior are particularly applicable to:
situations involving uncertainty
____ unlike other consultation modes, focuses on social systems rather than individuals or small groups. A distinctive characteristic of ___ is that it is based on an explicit value orientation that targets social change in the direction of power equalization.
Advocacy consultation,
When working with older adults, it is important to remember that
there is greater variability among older people than younger people on a range of characteristics (physical health, cognitive skills, income, etc.).
Emotional triangles are a central part of __’s theory of family pathology. According to ___, emotional triangles help reduce ____
Bowen, bowen, conflict & stress
_____ focuses on dysfunctional communication patterns.
Haley’s strategic family therapy
The family projection process is a focus of ___
Bowen’s extended family systems therapy.
For practitioners of Minuchin’s structural family therapy, a symptom is:
a maladaptive reaction to stress
In family therapy, the husband and wife complain that they seem to hardly have anything in common anymore. The therapist responds by saying, “I agree. It truly seems that you two have absolutely nothing in common whatsoever.” The therapist’s response is an example of which of the following?
positioning
Results of Pope’s (1992) survey of APA members indicated that which of the following issues was cited most frequently as being ethically troubling or challenging?
Question 81
confidentialitty
The Ethics Code mandates that contributors to research be given appropriate credit. At a minimum, ___
the student should be acknowledged for his/her assistance in a footnote or introductory statement.
Hersey and Blanchard’s (1982) situational leadership model is based on the premise that a leader’s style should match the ___, which is ___
“maturity level” of the employee, related to both ability and motivation.___
A __ style is appropriate for employees who are moderate in maturity (are unable but willing or confident).
selling
A ____ leadership style is best for employees who are low in maturity (are both unable and unwilling or insecure).
telling
A _____ leadership style is most effective for employees who are moderate to high in maturity (are able but unwilling or insecure).
participative
According to John D. Krumboltz (1996), career development and career choice are primarily related to:
social learning
H. Schein (1992) proposed that organizational culture exists on which of the following three levels?
Observable artifacts, espoused values and beliefs, and underlying assumptions
studies conducted at Ohio State University, which found that leader behavior can be described in terms of two dimensions: ___
initiating structure (task-orientation) and consideration (person-orientation).
The Position Analysis Questionnaire provides information on six dimensions of worker activity (e.g., mental processes, relationships). The PAQ is a quantitative, worker-oriented method of collecting data for the purpose of __
job analysis.
In a centralized communication network, all communication passes through a central person. The_____are examples of a centralized communication network, while the __is an example of a decentralized network in which information can flow freely from one individual to another without having to go through a central person.
wheel, chain, and Y ; circle
Criterion deficiency occurs when
the criterion measure fails to include or underrepresents important aspects of the criterion construct.
There is evidence that the rotating shift has fewer negative consequences when the rotation is ___ and is ____
clockwise (morning, afternoon, night); either rapid or slow.
The primary goal of self-instructional training (SIT) for children exhibiting hyperactivity and excessive impulsivity is to:
insert thought between stimulus and response
From the perspective of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy:
people are biologically prone to the acquisition of irrational beliefs
The serial position effect refers to the tendency of people
to recall words in the beginning and end of a list better than words in the middle of the list when asked to recall the words immediately after reading the list
Research on the serial position effect has provided evidence for
the distinction between short- and long-term memory
Research on Baddeley’s (2000) multi-component model of working memory suggests that the ____________ plays an essential role in mental arithmetic and is responsible for accessing and executing computational algorithms and heuristics.
central executive
When there is a brief delay between exposure to the list and recall, words at the ___ of the list are recalled best.
beginning
The term “scallop” is ordinarily applied to the response pattern that is observed when an organism is being reinforced on a fixed interval schedule. When using an FI schedule, the delivery of reinforcement is typically followed ___On a cumulative record, this produces a “scallop.”
first by a pause in responding and then an increasing rate of responding until the next reinforcement is delivered.
According to the _______________, “successful intelligence” is the ability to adapt to, modify, and choose environments that accomplish one’s goals and the goals of society and proposes that it is composed of three abilities - analytical, creative, and practical.
Sternberg’s triarchic theory
The ____ is a non-linguistic intelligence test for deaf children from age 3 to 17 years old. It assesses learning abilities and is used as a predictor of academic achievement for the hearing impaired.
Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude (H-NTLA)
