Mock exam 2- minus RM& stats & test construction

Question 1

A child with dyslexia whose reading problems significantly interfere with his academic performance and have not substantially improved with appropriate intervention would receive a DSM-5 diagnosis of:

Answer 1

specific learning disorder

Question 2

Tourette’s most common comorbidity

Answer 2

ADHD

Question 3

The concordance rate for schizophrenia for non-twin siblings is:

Answer 3

9%

Question 4

Abramson, Metalsky, and Alloy’s (1989) hopelessness model of depression proposes that hopelessness is a proximal cause of depression and that a sense of hopelessness is the result of:

Answer 4

stable and global attributions for negative life events.

Question 5

For a DSM-5 diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, an adult must have experienced depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode and hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a hypomanic episode for at least __________, while a child or adolescent must have experienced symptoms for at least __________.

Answer 5

24 MONTHS; 12 months

Question 6

Heritability estimates for bipolar disorder vary somewhat from study to study. However, according to the DSM-5-TR and several other sources, a number of twin studies have produced heritability estimates of around:

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

A client whose symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria for dissociative amnesia is unable to recall any events that occurred for about six weeks after she was brutally raped two years ago. This type of dissociative amnesia is referred to in the DSM-5 as:

Answer 7

localized

Question 8

When it’s determined that a child’s nocturnal enuresis is not due to a medical condition, the most effective treatment in terms of long-term effects is which of the following?

Answer 8

moisture alarm

Question 9

Pregnant women with __________ consume clay, coffee grounds, and other nonnutritive, nonfood substances.

Answer 9

pica

Question 10

People with ______disorder experience incomplete awakening from sleep after an episode of sleepwalking or sleep terror and, when awakened, have amnesia for the episode.

Answer 10

NREM sleep arousal

Question 11

The two most commonly used behavioral interventions for ____________ are the squeeze and start/stop techniques.

Answer 11

premature ejaculation

Question 12

The DSM-5 diagnosis of gender dysphoria requires marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and one’s assigned gender for at least:

Answer 12

6 months for all populations

Question 13

To assign the DSM-5 diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder, the individual must be at least _____ years of age or at an equivalent developmental level.

Answer 13

6

Question 14

Korsakoff syndrome produces severe memory impairment and confabulation and is due to brain damage that is caused by:

Answer 14

thiamine (vitamine b1)

Question 15

For the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder with Parkinson’s disease, the individual must have a history of ___ symptoms that are characteristic of Parkinson’s disease.

Answer 15

motor

Question 16

For neurocognitive disorder diagnosis with Lewy bodies, ___ symptoms can be present before, with, or in the absence of___symptoms.

Answer 16

cognitive; motor

Question 17

The course of ____________ varies and may involve an acute onset of symptoms or a stepwise or progressive decline in functioning with fluctuations in symptoms or plateaus of varying length.

Answer 17

vascular neurocognitive disorder

Question 18

Glasser’s (1998) reality therapy is based on the premise that ____________ leads to the development of a failure identity.

Answer 18

irresponsible behavior

Question 19

Milan systemic family therapists use which of the following types of questions to obtain information on the communication patterns that are maintaining a family’s problematic behaviors?

Answer 19

circular

Question 20

The primary goal of Bowen’s extended family systems therapy is best described as:

Answer 20

increasing the differentiation of family members

Question 21

The first step in Meichenbaum’s (1977) self-instructional training is:

Answer 21

cognitive modeling

Question 22

Meichenbaum’s self-instructional training was originally developed to ___

Answer 22

help impulsive children have greater self-control when completing tasks by teaching them to use helpful self-statements to guide their behaviors. I

Question 23

Providing patients who have just completed substance abuse treatment with training in coping and relapse prevention skills is an example of:

Answer 23

tertiary prevention

Question 24

___is used to compare the outcomes of two or more interventions when outcomes are expressed as quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) or disability-adjusted life-years (DALY).

Answer 24

Cost-utility analysis (answer A)

Question 25

___is used to compare two or more interventions that have outcomes that are measured in nonmonetary terms other than QALYs or DALYs (e.g., as reduction in symptom severity or probability of relapse).

Answer 25

Cost-effectiveness analysis (answer C)

Question 26

_____ is used to compare the outcomes of two or more interventions when there are multiple outcomes that are simply listed and not aggregated into QALY, DALY, a cost-effectiveness ratio, or other single metric.

Answer 26

Cost-consequences analysis (answer D)

Question 27

A therapist believes that depression, anxiety, and other disorders are similar for all individuals regardless of their cultural background and that the same treatment approaches are effective for all clients. This therapist has adopted which of the following perspectives?

Answer 27

etic

Question 28

Atkinson, Morten, and Sue’s racial/cultural identity development model distinguishes between five stages:

Answer 28

CADIR ICI
conformity,
dissonance,
resistance and immersion,
introspection, and
integrative awareness.

Question 29

Helms’s White racial identity development model distinguishes between six stages:

Answer 29

contact,
disintegration,
reintegration,
pseudo-independence,
immersion/emersion, and
autonomy

Question 30

Kluver and Bucy (1938) found that bilateral lesioning of which of the following areas of the brain in rhesus monkeys caused visual agnosia, reduced fear, increased docility, dietary changes, and abnormal sexual behavior.

Answer 30

amygdala, HIPPOCAMPUS, and temporal lobes

Question 31

Individuals with Wernicke’s aphasia have:

Answer 31

impaired comprehension of spoken and written language and fluent speech that’s devoid of meaning.

Question 32

Prosopagnosia is the inability to:

Answer 32

recognize familiar faces

Question 33

Gerstmann’s syndrome involves four symptoms:

Answer 33

finger agnosia,
left-right confusion,
agraphia (difficulty writing), and
acalculia (difficulty performing simple mathematical operations).

Question 34

Kandel’s (2001) research with the sea snail, Aplysia, provided information on neuronal changes associated with:

Answer 34

learning and memory

Question 35

Infants less than three months of age usually begin a sleep period with:

Answer 35

REM sleep

Question 36

The first four stages of sleep are characterized by ___-voltage, ___wave synchronized EEG activity and are collectively referred to as ___ sleep because they are not accompanied by rapid eye movements.

Answer 36

high; slow-; non-rapid eye movement (NREM)

Question 37

Presbyopia is an inability to:

Answer 37

focus on close objects

Question 38

Infants first exhibit some degree of auditory (sound) localization:

Answer 38

soon after birth. However, this ability disappears between two and four months of age and then reappears and improves to nearly adult levels by about 12 months of age.

Question 39

As described by Piaget, the ability to conserve emerges during the concrete operational stage and depends on which of the following?

Answer 39

reversibility of thought, decentration, and transformational thinking.

Question 40

Secondary memory is another name for recent __ memory.

Answer 40

long-term

Question 41

Researchers using the mirror task have found that most infants begin to recognize themselves in a mirror by about ____ months of age.

Answer 41

18 mos

Question 42

As described by Piaget, children in the heteronomous stage of moral reasoning base their judgments about a person’s behavior on which of the following?

Answer 42

the consequences of the behavior

Question 43

In the context of operant conditioning, ________ refers to the systematic and gradual removal of prompts.

Answer 43

fading

Question 44

Thorndike’s research with ____________ led to his development of the law of effect.

Answer 44

cats in the puzzle box

Question 45

the law of effect.

Answer 45

It predicts that behaviors that are followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to recur.

Question 46

____ is a type of aversion therapy that’s conducted in imagination. It involves pairing an image of the deviant behavior with an image that naturally produces an unpleasant emotional or physical reaction.

Answer 46

Covert sensitization

Question 47

Based on the results of his research on learning, ____________ concluded that deriving a solution to a problem can be the result of insight, which involves mentally restructuring the elements of the problem in order to see it in a new way.

Answer 47

wolfgang KOHLER

Question 48

The method of loci is most useful for:

Answer 48

remembering a list of unrelated words

Question 49

When using the _____ to assess level of consciousness, the patient is rated on his/her best eye opening, verbal, and motor responses. The total rating ranges from 3 (deep coma or brain death) to 15 (normal).

Answer 49

Glasgow Coma Scale

Question 50

The Introduction and Applicability section of the APA Ethics Code states that APA may take action against a member not only when a complaint has been filed against him or her but also when a member:

Answer 50

has been expelled or suspended from an affiliated state psychological association or convicted of a felony.

Question 51

APA’s Record Keeping Guidelines recommend that, in the absence of legal and institutional requirements, psychologists retain the full client record until _____ years after the last date of service delivery for adults or _____ years after a minor reaches the age of majority, whichever occurs later.

Answer 51

7; 3

Question 52

Which of the following best describes ethical requirements regarding debriefing research participants about the nature and results of a research study?

Answer 52

Participants should ordinarily be debriefed as soon as possible but, in some cases, debriefing may not be necessary.

Question 53

psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with former clients/patients for __ after cessation or termination of therapy.” And Standard 10.08(b) states that, even when__ years have passed, psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with former clients “except in the most unusual circumstances,” which includes ensuring that the relationship is not exploitative.

Answer 53

at least two years;

Question 54

You have been hired by a company to assist with its hiring process by administering, scoring, and interpreting a battery of tests to applicants for sales jobs. The director of human resources has asked you to include a personality test that you know has not been validated as a predictor of job performance for salespeople. As an ethical psychologist, you will tell the director that:

Answer 54

you cannot comply with this request.- because its not validated