clinical psych key terms and errors Flashcards
In Gestalt therapy, retroflection is
the process of turning one’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors back onto themselves, rather than expressing them
In Gestalt therapy, confluence is
a defense mechanism that occurs when someone loses their sense of individuality and blends into the world around them. People experiencing confluence may say or do anything to gain approval and be liked
another name for counterconditioning
reciprocal inhibition
counterconditioning examples
sensate, assertiveness training, antabuse
aversive conditioning
Pairs a stimulus that elicits an undesirable behavior with an unpleasant stimulus to discourage that behavior.
Example: Using a bitter spray on an object a dog shouldn’t chew to deter chewing behavior.
Scaling questions are used by __to ___
solution-focused therapists; help clients evaluate their current status or their progress toward achieving their goals.
Practitioners of motivational interviewing who are familiar with Miller and Rollnick’s (2013) current view of decisional balance (DB) are most likely to say that DB is most useful for:
assessing client’s readiness to change
Narrative family therapy
is based on the assumption that the presenting problem is the problem. Consequently, therapy involves obtaining a description of the problem from family members, separating the family from the problem by externalizing it, and determining how the problem has affected family members.
Structural family therapists use which of the following to identify and alter the family’s dysfunctional family structure and reassure family members that they’re supported and understood?
joining
Building a positive therapeutic alliance, reducing feelings of hopelessness, increasing motivation for change, and developing a family-focused understanding of the family’s problems are most characteristic of the initial stage of:
functional family therapy
When using ___, a therapist aligns with a client’s position but exaggerates it to make it less desirable to the client.
positioning
A primary goal of Milan systemic family therapy is to
disrupt destructive family games (“dirty games”) that involve deceit and power struggles and lead to and maintain symptoms.
Practitioners of Milan systemic family therapy use:
circular questions, hypothesizing, positive connotation
Functional family therapy (FFT) is an evidence-based intervention for:
adolescents with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder and their families.
The three main phases of structural family therapy are
joining the family and accommodating to its style (answer C),
evaluating the family’s structure to make a structural diagnosis, and
intervening to transform the family’s structure.
___is a core strategy of narrative family therapy and involves “reframing the problem from an internal deficiency or pathological condition in the individual to an objectified external and unwelcome narrative with a will of its own to dominate their lives”
Externalizing the problem
When using Meichenbaum’s (1977) self-instructional training to help impulsive children control their behaviors while completing certain tasks, the initial step of training involves which of the following?
cognitive modeling
Mental imagery serves several functions in cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). For example, __________ is used to replace involuntary distressing and intrusive images related to a client’s presenting problem with more adaptive images.
imagery rescripting
When using Meichenbaum’s (1977) self-instructional training to help impulsive children control their behaviors while completing certain tasks, the initial step of training involves which of the following?
cognitive modeling
Research suggests that using cognitive behavioral therapy as an adjunct treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA):
reduces pain intensity and fatigue, especially when it is provided early in the course of the disease.
Cognitive therapy for suicide prevention (CT-SP) has been found to be effective for reducing suicidal ideation, repeat suicide attempts, and depression in adolescents and adults who recently attempted suicide. As described by Bryan (2019), the primary targets of the three stages of CT-SP are, in order:
emotion regultion, cognitive flexibility, relapse prevention
circular questioning
milan family therapist techniwue
____________ consists of three overlapping stages: conceptualization, skill acquisition and rehearsal, and application and follow-through.
stress inoculation training
____________ is an evidence-based, home- and community-centered intervention that is based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. It is for adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have serious antisocial behavioral problems and are at risk for out-of-home placement.
multisystemic therapy
The primary goal of Bowen’s extended family systems therapy is best described as:
increasing differentiation of family members
The transtheoretical model assumes that a person’s motivation to change is affected by three factors –
decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptation.
Unique outcomes are
exceptions – i.e., experiences that are not predicted by or consistent with problem-saturated narratives and can be used to help develop alternative narratives.
___ considered severe mental disorders to be the result of a multigenerational transmission process in which progressively lower levels of differentiation are transmitted over several generations.
Bowen
A primary goal of Satir’s conjoint family therapy is to:
foster congruent communication between family members.
An African American therapy client who prefers to see a White therapist and doesn’t think prejudice and discrimination have contributed to his current problems is in which stage of Cross’s (2001) model of Black racial identity development?
PREENCOUNTER
Cross’s (2001) model of Black racial identity development distinguishes between four stages:
PErII
pre-encounter,
encounter,
immersion/emersion, and
internalization.
used to describe differences between high- and low-status immigrants in terms of experiencing discrimination.
INTEGRATION PARADOX
According to Helms’s White Racial Identity Development Model, people in which of the following stages have a lack of awareness of racism and White privilege and are satisfied with the racial status quo?
CONTACT
Helms’s model distinguishes between six stages which are, in order,
contact,
disintegration,
reintegration,
pseudo-independence,
immersion-emersion, and
autonomy.
A psychotherapist who has an emic perspective:
recognizes the differences between cultural groups.
In order, the four stages of Troiden’s homosexual identity development model are
SIcIaC
sensitization,
identity confusion,
identity assumption, and
commitment
___involves ensuring that clients feel they have received immediate benefits from therapy and includes normalizing the client’s feelings and experiences, providing reassurance, instilling hope, teaching coping skills, and helping the client set goals for therapy (
gift giving
During the ____stage of the R/CID model, people question their unequivocal allegiance to their own group and rigid rejection of the majority group.
introspection
The Generations Study (Bishop et al., 2020) compared the timing and pacing of sexual identity development for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals ages 18 to 26, 32 to 43, and 50 to 60. The results of the study found that: members of the youngest age cohort reported the ___for all milestones and the ___ of time between milestones.
earliest ages of onset ; shortest lengths
The assessment of treatment fidelity focuses on which of the following?
differentiation, adherence, and competency
Eysenck concluded that___of untreated patients, ___ of patients receiving eclectic psychotherapy, and ___of patients receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy experienced a substantial decrease in symptoms.
72% ; 66%; 44%
A barrier to using cost benefit analysis is that:
it’s often difficult to express the outcomes of mental health programs in monetary terms.
Norcross and Lambert (2011) concluded that which of the following accounts for the greatest amount of variability in psychotherapy outcomes?
pt contributions
Howard and his colleagues (1986) concluded that about ___% of psychotherapy clients show measurable improvements in symptoms by the 26th therapy session with an additional ___% showing measurable improvements by the 52nd session.
75; 10
Studies comparing transdiagnostic psychological treatments with diagnosis-specific psychological treatments for adult anxiety and depression have generally found that transdiagnostic treatments:
are as effective or more effective than diagnosis-specific treatments for anxiety and depression.
extended family systems therapy
BOWEN
differentiation
emotional triangles
multigenerational transmission
structural family therapy
MINUCHIN
boundaries
coalitions
strategic family therapy
HALEY
power struggles
sxs as adaptive strategies to control relationships
hierarchies
milan systemic family therapy
family games
homeostasis
circular questioning
conjoint family therapy
SATIR
neutrality
dysfunctional communication styles
congruence between verbal and nonverbal
self esteem and growt
narrative family therapy
externalizing the problem
problem saturated narratives
therapeutic letters and certificates
functional family therapy
problematic behaviors as having relational functions
stages
skills building
multisystemic therapy
ecological model
systems integration
strengths based and action oriented
