Physiology - Memory & Sleep; Emotions & Stress; Sensation & Perception

Question 1

Which of the following theories proposes (a) that emotions are due to a combination of physiological arousal in response to an external event and cognitive attributions for that arousal and (b) that physiological arousal is similar for all emotions and that differences in the experience of emotions is due to differences in the attributions.

Answer 1

Schachter-Singer

Question 2

___ theory (answer A) proposes that exposure to an event causes a physiological reaction that, in turn, is perceived as an emotion and that the physiological states associated with different emotions are distinct from one another.

Answer 2

The James-Lange

Question 3

___theory (answer C) views all emotions as involving similar physiological arousal, but it proposes that the physiological reaction and subjective emotional reaction to an event occur simultaneously and independently.

Answer 3

Cannon-Bard

Question 4

Delta waves are characteristic of:

Answer 4

deep sleep

Question 5

Allostasis refers to:

Answer 5

adaptive processes that maintain the body’s stability during times of stress.

Question 6

Which of the following is most responsible for depth perception of objects that are at a CLOSE distance?

Answer 6

retinal disparity

Question 7

A psychology undergraduate tells his roommate who’s depressed that, if he smiles more often, he’ll feel a lot better. The student’s suggestion is consistent with the predictions of which of the following?

Answer 7

james lange

Question 8

____, which proposes that there’s an exponential relationship between psychological sensation and the magnitude of a physical stimulus and that the exponent varies for different kinds of stimuli (e.g., the exponent is different for weight and light).

Answer 8

Stevens’s power law

Question 9

The EEG for stage ___ of non-REM sleep is characterized by theta waves interrupted by sleep spindles and K complexes.

Answer 9

2

Question 10

administration of a drug that blocks protein synthesis during learning affects ___memory

Answer 10

long-term

Question 11

___, which states that the just noticeable difference (JND) for a stimulus is a constant proportion, regardless of the intensity of the original stimulus. For example, the proportion is always 2% for weight, which means that, to notice a change in weight, a second object must be at least 2% lighter or heavier than the first object.

Answer 11

Weber’s law

Question 12

Binocular cues depend on both eyes and include ___ and __.

Answer 12

retinal disparity and convergence

Question 13

Monocular cues depend on one eye and include the relative size of objects, the ___, __,____, and ___

Answer 13

overlap (interposition) of objects, linear perspective, texture gradients, and the relative motion of objects (motion parallax).

Question 14

which theory of emotion? A stimulus is perceived, bodily arousal and behavior occur, and emotion is then experienced.

Answer 14

james lange

Question 15

Long-term potentiation has been linked to the:

Answer 15

formation of new memories

Question 16

The __________ theory of emotion proposes that all emotions are essentially the same in terms of physiological arousal and that people experience a particular emotion only after they experience physiological arousal and then assign a cognitive label to that arousal.

Answer 16

schachter-singer

Question 17

The first four stages of sleep are characterized by ___voltage, ___-wave synchronized EEG activity and are collectively referred to as ____ sleep because rapid eye movements do not accompany them.

Answer 17

high-; slow; non-rapid eye movement (NREM)

Question 18

___proposes that there are three types of ___ cells – red/green, blue/yellow, and white/black. It explains afterimages and red/green and blue/yellow colorblindness.

Answer 18

Opponent-process theory; opponent-process

Question 19

Prosopagnosia (face blindness) is best described as involving:___bottom-up processing with ___ top-down processing.

Answer 19

intact ;a lack of

Question 20

An advanced sleep phase is most characteristic of:

Answer 20

older adults

Question 21

In signal detection theory, d’ is an estimate of an observer’s sensitivity and is a standard score that indicates the difference between the standard (z) scores for the ___and ___

Answer 21

hit rate ; false alarm rate:

Question 22

____ proposes that fear consists of two separate but interacting systems that both respond to threatening stimuli: The subcortical system reacts quickly and automatically to sensory information about a threatening stimulus with physiological and defensive behavioral responses. The cortical system processes information from the senses, the subcortical system, and episodic and semantic memory using relevant cognitive processes (e.g., attention, working memory, and decision-making) to generate, when appropriate, the conscious feeling of fear.

Answer 22

LeDoux’s two-system theory

Question 23

a __ chromosome causes red-green color blindness.

Answer 23

recessive gene on the X

Question 24

____describes all emotions as involving similar physiological arousal and proposes that the physiological reaction and subjective emotional reaction to a stimulus occur simultaneously and independently.

Answer 24

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 25

Which of the following theories of color vision best explains the experience of negative afterimages?

Answer 25

opponent process theory

Question 26

Compared to younger adults, older adults wake up more frequently during the night. and have a ____ sleep latency and spend____time in slow-wave (deep) sleep (answers C and D).

Answer 26

longer; less

Question 27

Which of the following is based on the results of research that used the method of magnitude estimation to study the relationship between the magnitude of a physical stimulus and its perceived magnitude?

Answer 27

steven’s law

Question 28

Compared to younger adults, older adults spend ___time in ___ sleep (especially Stage 4 sleep), experience more evenly distributed REM sleep throughout the night, and experience an ____, which involves going to sleep earlier in the evening and waking up earlier.

Answer 28

less /deep / advanced sleep phase

Question 29

Source memory and item memory have both been linked to activity in

Answer 29

the prefrontal cortex.

Question 30

The Papez circuit plays a fundamental role in which of the following?

Answer 30

emotions and memory