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GCSE > Physics - Additional > Flashcards

Physics - Additional Flashcards

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1
Q

What is velocity?

A

Speed in a given direction

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2
Q

What does the gradient equal in a distance-time graph?

A

Speed

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3
Q

What is the flat section in a distance time graph?
What does a straight uphill or downhill section mean?
The steeper the graph….
What do the curves represent?
What does a downhill section mean?

A
  • stationary
  • its traveling at a steady speed
  • the faster its going
  • acceleration or deceleration
  • its going back to its starting point
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4
Q

What is acceleration?

A

How quickly velocity is changing

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5
Q

What makes acceleration change?

A

A change in direction or a change in speed

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6
Q

What does a gradient mean in a velocity- time graph?

A

Acceleration

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7
Q 
What are flat sections?
The steeper the graph...
What is uphill?
What is downhill?
What is the area under a velocity- time graph?
What does a curve mean?
A
  • steady speed
  • the greater the acceleration or deceleration
  • acceleration
  • deceleration
  • it is equal to the distance traveled in that time period
  • a change in acceleration
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8
Q

What happens when you brake?

A

The velocity reduces and the vehicle decelerates

- the gradient of the line is negative as acceleration is negative

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9
Q

What is speed?

A

How fast something is going

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10
Q

What is the gravitational force?

A

The force of attraction between all masses

- it gives everything a weight

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11
Q

What does the gravitational force do on the surface of a planet?

A

It makes everything accelerate towards the ground

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12
Q

What is the mass?

A

The amount of stuff in a object

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13
Q

What is weight?

A

The force of gravity pulling it towards the centre of the earth

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14
Q

What is weight caused by?

A

The pull of gravity

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15
Q

On different plants will the mass or weight be different?

A

The weight will be different due to the difference in gravitational field strength

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16
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons

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17
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Kg

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18
Q

How do you reduce your weight?

A

Go to the equator as the gravitational force is slightly weaker

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19
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

A resultant force is the overall force on a point or object

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20
Q

There will always be at least….

A

Two forces acting upon an objects along any direction

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21
Q

What will decide the motion of the object?

A

The overall effect of the forces, for example if the accelerating force is bigger than the decelerating force than the object will go forward

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22
Q

What happens if there is a number of forces acting upon a single point?

A

You can replace them with a single force

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23
Q

What happens when all the forces are balanced?

A

The object is stationary

24
Q

Why will the resultant force change the velocity of an object?

A

The resultant force will change it state of rest or motion therefore change the objects velocity

25
Q

What does a object need to start moving?

A

A force

26
Q

If there is no resultant force than ..

A

There is no change in velocity

- it will just carry on moving at the same velocity

27
Q

A resultant force means ..

A

Acceleration

If there is a non zero resultant force than the object will accelerate in the direction of the force

28
Q

What happens when a jet plane is taking of?

A

The thrust force of the engines is greater than the air resistance on it, the greater the resultant force the quicker the take off

29
Q

What happens when a driver applies the breaks?

A

The breaking force is greater than the force of the engines

30
Q

What is a reaction force?

A

When two objects interact the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

31
Q

What is friction there for?

A

To slow things down

- opposite direction to movement

32
Q

To travel at a steady speed what do you need to do?

A

The driving force needs to balance the frictional force

33
Q

How do you reduce the drag force in liquids?

A

Make the object more streamlined

34
Q

What is most resistance caused by?

A

Air resistance or drag

35
Q

Drag force increases as…

A

Speed increases

36
Q

Describe how terminal velocity works?

A

When objects start moving the force of gravity is more than the frictional force so they get faster, as they accelerate and speed increases so does the frictional force, this gradually reduced the accelerating force and it wont accelerate any more, it has reached its terminal velocity

37
Q

What does terminal velocity depend on?

A

Shape and area

38
Q

What is the thinking distance?

A

The distance the vehicle travels during the drivers reaction time

39
Q

What is the thinking distance affected by?

A

How fast your going
Tiredness
Drugs
Alcohol

40
Q

What is the braking distance?

A

The distance the car travels under the braking force

41
Q

What is the breaking distance affected by?

A

How fast your going
How good your brakes are
How good the tyres are
How much grip you have

42
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

Thinking distance+ braking distance

43
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

Work done to an elastic object is stored as elastic potential energy

44
Q

How does elastic potential energy work?

A

When applying a force to an object you may cause it to change shape and stretch
After the force has been removed the stored elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy

45
Q

What is hooks law?

A

The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force but when the force is great enough this stops working

46
Q

What is the limit of proportionality?

A

The maximum force that an object can take and still extend proportionally

47
Q

What are regenerative brakes?

A

Rather than converting the kinetic energy into heat energy the brakes put the motor into reverse and the wheels are slowed why the motor rushes backwards
At the same time the motor acts as an electrical generator and converts the kinetic energy to electrical energy

48
Q

How are cars designed to reduce injury?

A

Crumple zone
- this increases the impact time and decreases the force produced by a change in momentum
Side impact bars
- help direct the kinetic energy of the crash away from passengers to crumple zones
Air bags
- slow you down gradually and prevent you from hitting hard surfaces
Seat belts
- stretch slightly increasing the time taken for wearer to stop and reduce forces acting on it, kinetic energy is absorbed by the seat belt

49
Q

What is work?

A

When a force moves an object through a distance energy us transferred and work is done

50
Q

Why does energy transfer = work done?

A

When something is moved something else is providing some sort of effort to move it, the effort needs energy, then it does work and moves the object and transfers the energy it receives into other forms therefore energy transferred = work done

51
Q

What energy is transferred for work it overcome friction?

A

Work done to overcome friction is mainly transferred into energy by heating

52
Q

How do brake pads work?

A

Brake pads become to hot if brakes are applied for too long, the friction between brakes pads and wheel discs oppose the motion of the wheel
Kinetic energy> heat + sound

53
Q

What happens when an object is moved up?

A

It gains gravitational potential energy, the increase in GPE is equal to the work done on it by the lifting force
When an object is moved down, the decrease in GPE is equal to the work done by the force of gravity acting upon it

54
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

Is the energy stored in an elastic object when work is done on it to change shape

55
Q

The greater the mass…

A

The greater its velocity so the more momentum the object has

56
Q

What is the conservation of momentum?

A

The momentum before an collision equals the momentum after the collision

GCSE (55 decks)

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