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Premed95 > Physics 5 - Waves and Optics > Flashcards

Physics 5 - Waves and Optics Flashcards

1
Q

transverse wave?

A

displaces up and down

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2
Q

longitudinal wave

A

<–>

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3
Q

wave velocity equation?

A

v=f*λv= velocity, f=frequency,λ=wavelength

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4
Q

definition of wavelength?

A

distance from any point where wave repeats itself

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5
Q

definition of frequency?

A

of wavelengths that pass a fixed point per secondUnits: Hzdetermined by SOURCE

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6
Q

definition of period?

A

reciprocal of frequency, it is time taken for wave to move 1λdetermined by SOURCE

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7
Q

wave velocity depends on

A

medium density and medium inertia

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8
Q

relative velocities of sound?

A

Sold>liquid>gas

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9
Q

decibels(dB)

A

log scale, for increase of 10 dB, add another exponentEx: 10-30 dB = 100 fold increase(10^3)

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10
Q

what is resonance?

A

when natural frequency and driving frequency match. = max vibration and max amplitude

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11
Q

what is pitch?

A

correlates to frequency, higher pitch=higher freq.

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12
Q

what is an antinode?

A

area of max displacement. found in standing waves/causes string to vibrate at natural/resonant frequency

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13
Q

what is attenuation/damping?

A

causes decrease in freq and velocity. results in decreased intensity of wave

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14
Q

Doppler Effect

A

change in perceived frequency when wave source and observer are moving. together = higher f, further=lower f

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15
Q

doppler equation

A

observed freq=Source freq.*(C±Vo)/(C±VS)Δfreq/source freq=v/c andΔλ/λsource=v/cwhere v is relative speed of source/observer and c is speed of wave in the mediumobserved freq=source freq±Δfreq or λo=λs±Δλif moving closer together, add source freq andΔfreq or subtractΔλ fromλs

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16
Q

in what direction does a moving photon (light) displace the E field and Magnetic field?

A

perpendicularly to eachother

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17
Q

equation for energy of a photon?

A

E=hfdirectly proportional to its frequencyh is Planck’s constant 6.64e-34

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18
Q

visible light range (in nm?)

A

390nm-700nm

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19
Q

visual spectrum?

A

infrared ROYGBIV ultravioletlongerλ<–> shorter λ

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20
Q

what is the speed of light?

A

3e8 m/s (usually represented by c)

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21
Q

definition of reflection?

A

light/wave bounces back at angle = to angle of incidence

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22
Q

definition of refraction?

A

when light/wave bends towards the normal

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23
Q

what is index of refraction?

A

n=c/vdetermines how light travels through the medium

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24
Q

snell’s law?

A

n1sintheta=n2sintheta2

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25
Q

what is dispersion?

A

when all light scatters

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26
Q

what is diffraction?

A

light/wave bends around an object

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27
Q

what is the focal point?

A

where real or virtual light rays converge

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28
Q

what is focal length?

A

distance between mirror/lens and focal point=1/2 radius of curvature

29
Q

equation for lens power?

A

determined by focal length,P=1/funits: diopters: m-1

30
Q

what does a converging mirror/lens do?

A

reflects light to converge at point in front of mirror/opposite lens

31
Q

what is a diverging mirror/lens?

A

reflects light so perceived image is on opposite side of mirror/lens from observer

32
Q

converging lens/mirror characteristics?

A

real, inverted, on the same side, and +”I am positive that the image is real and inverted

33
Q

diverging mirror/lens characteristics?

A

virtual, upright, opposite, and (-)

34
Q

special object distance rules for convergers?

A

if object d> focal point: image is real invertedif object d<focal point: image is virtual and upright

35
Q

thin lens equation?

A

1/f=1/do+1/di

36
Q

virtual images always have _ sign

A

negative

37
Q

real images always have a _ sign

A

positive

38
Q

converging lens always have a _ focal length sign

A

positive

39
Q

diverging lenses always have a _ focal length sign

A

negative

40
Q

the object distance is positive when

A

it is on the “right side”

41
Q

what is the sign for a real image distance?

A

positive

42
Q

what is the sign for a virtual image distance?

A

negative

43
Q

equation for magnification?

A

M= -di/do=hi/hofor multiple lens systems, magnification is multiplicative

44
Q

the lower the index of refraction the ___ light travels

A

faster

45
Q

what is hyperopia? and how is it corrected

A

farsightedness, corrected with converging lens

46
Q

what are the harmonics for a pipe closed at one end?

A

all odd numbered

47
Q

sound waves are ____ waves

A

longitudinal

48
Q

the resolution for imaging techniques is proportional to

A

wavelength, (shorter is better)

49
Q

what happens to the refractive index as freq. increases?

A

refractive index also increases

50
Q

according to snells law, as n2 increases, sintheta2 must

A

DECREASE

51
Q

what does a lower index of refraction do to the refraction angle?

A

inversely proportional according to snell’s law. so large refraction angle results from LOW index of refraction

52
Q

shortest period = shortest____

A

wavelength

53
Q

what is total internal reflection?

A

when light wave has angle of incidence greater than the critical angle

54
Q

what is happening to particles in a longitudinal wave?

A

they are striking eachother to propogate the wave

55
Q

what is the equation for frequency of a spring?

A

f=(1/2pi)*(sqrt(k)/m)

56
Q

what is the potential energy of a spring?

A

PE=1/2k*deltax2

57
Q

what is the wavelength of a standing wave in a closed-closed or open open space?

A

lambda=2L/nwhere L is length and n is harmonic

58
Q

T/F, photon speed is influenced by their energy

A

FALSE

59
Q

what do you need to utilize the doppler equation?

A

one of the speeds (detector or source), along with the observed and emitted frequencies

60
Q

the intensity of EM radiation is directly proportional to

A

number of photons emitted

61
Q

what is the equation for magnification?

A

di/do

62
Q

how do you calculate the energy of a photon released from an excited electron?

A

subtract lower energy level from excited energy level

63
Q

what does a decrease in bending do to the focal length?

A

increases it

64
Q

how do you figure out the higher harmonic frequencies?

A

they are multiples of the fundamental frequency, so f2=2*f1

65
Q

a negative focal length indicates

A

DIVERGING lens

66
Q

what is the fundamental frequency of a vibrating string?

A

f=v/2L

67
Q

what kind of lens is required by nearsighted people?

A

diverging, because the focal length is too short and the image is focused in front of the retina

68
Q

what is a plane mirror?

A

produces image behind its plane at distance equal to object distance in front of the plane.

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