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Premed95 > 7BC - Social Processes, Attitude and Behavior Change > Flashcards

7BC - Social Processes, Attitude and Behavior Change Flashcards

1
Q

what is conformity?

A

“peer pressure”. tendency to bring thoughts in line with majority

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2
Q

what is informative influence?

A

look to group for guidance when you have no knowledge of the topic

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3
Q

what is normative influence?

A

even though you have background knowledge, you conform to the group to avoid being a social outcast

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4
Q

what is private conformity?

A

when you publicly conform but privately maintain your own beliefs

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5
Q

what is public conformity?

A

you maintain your core beliefs and remain “unconvinced”

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6
Q

what is group polarization?

A

when opinion/decision of a group pushes to an extreme. this happens because all criticism is directed to dissenting view and all praise is directed to shit that supports the majority opinion

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7
Q

what is groupthink?

A

everyone thinks/acts the same way to maintain cohesiveness

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8
Q

what is obedience?

A

obey orders from a higher authority(traffic laws, firefighter, mein fuhrer)

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9
Q

what is social anomie?

A

breakdown of social bonds between an individual and their community

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10
Q

what is compliance?

A

when we do a behavior in order to gain a reward or avoid punishment

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11
Q

what is identification?

A

when you dress/act a certain way to be like someone you look up to

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12
Q

what is internalization?

A

when a thought/idea/beliefe has been integrated into your own value/belief system

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13
Q

what is normatiave social influence?

A

we do something to gain respect/support of peers and to be accepted by themEx: all my friends like justin bieber and i pretend like i do even though i feel like he is a moron

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14
Q

what is informational social influence?

A

when you defer to the judgement of people who you think have more knowledge of the topic than you

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15
Q

whats the deal with Solomon Asch’s line experiments?

A

showed that people would conform even though they knew they were right or because they doubted themselves

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16
Q

what is ecological validity?

A

does the experiment relate to the real world?

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17
Q

what is demand characteristics?

A

results altered because of what the subject thing the experimenter wants them to say/do

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18
Q

whats the deal with Milgram’s experiments?

A

people shocked a confederate alot due to obedience to authority. demonstrated that everyone has a fundamental obedient side to them

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19
Q

what is the just world phenomenon?

A

the world is fair and people get what they deserve

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20
Q

what is the main point of the zimbardo/stanford prison experiment?

A

deindividuation and control over the prisoners.

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21
Q

what are some factors that can influence conformity/obedience?

A

group size, unanimity, group status, group cohesion

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22
Q

what is the bystander effect?

A

people feel less responsibility to do shit or help others when in a large group

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23
Q

what is the diffusion of responsibiliy theory?

A

explains bystander effect. when in a group you feel less responsible for shit

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24
Q

what is deindividuation?

A

individual more likely to act badly in a group beause they “blend in”

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25
what is social facilitaiton?
increase likelyhood that the most "dominant response" will occur. can be either positive or negative
26
what is social loafing?
when you put in less effort when individual beahvior isn't evaluated
27
what is the hawthorne effect?
individuals modify aspect of their behavior when they know they are being watched
28
what is socialization?
lifelong process where we learn social expectations and how to interact with others
29
what are agents of socialization?
things that help you socializefamily, media, friends, religion, school
30
what is a social norm?
standard for behavior set by groups of individuals and can vary by country. are enforced by positive and negative "sanctions"
31
what is a folkway?
basically like a common courtesy/manner.Ex: saying thanks to the cashier, telling friend his zipper is open
32
what is a more?
a norm based on MORAL VALUES, such as being truthul
33
what is a law?
a norm based on right/wrong but has FORMAL CONSEQUENCES(breaking a law)
34
what is a taboo?
behavior that is completely forbidden/wrong in cultures.Ex: incest, cannibalism
35
what is deviance?
when a norm is violated
36
what is symbolic interactionism?
society is a product of everyday interactions of individuals
37
what is the theory of differential association?
deviance is learned behavior that results from continual exposure to others who violate norms. 
38
what is labeling theory?
a behavior is deviant of society has judged it to be deviant and labled it as such
39
what is primary deviance?
one that is met with mild/no reaction
40
what is secondary deviance?
one that is met with severe reaction/consequence
41
what is strain theory?
if a person is blocked from attaining a goal that society says is commendable, they will turn to deviance to achieve that goal
42
what is collective behavior?
involves short social behavior when groups aggregrate for a short period of time.
43
what differentiates collective behavior from groups?
the fact that they are OPEN and have LOOSE NORMS
44
what is a fad?
"fleeting behavior". emerges and dies out quicklyEx: cinammon challenge, ice bucket challenge, mannequin challenge
45
what is mass hysteria?
large group of people experience anxiety, fear, and delusions.reaction is spread rapidly. Ex: people going crazy when a winter storm is incoming
46
what are riots?
large number of people engaging in dangerous or illegal behavior
47
what is habituation?
getting sensitized to a stimulus
48
what is dishabituation?
when previously habituated stimulus is removed
49
what is associative learning?
when one event is connected to anotherEx: Classical Conditioning/operant conditioning
50
what is nonassociative learning?
repeated exposure to one stimulus
51
what are the basics of classical/Pavlovian conditioning?
able to elicit an innate response to a previously conditioned stimulus in response to a (previously) neutral stimulus
52
what is the unconditioned stimulus?
the thing that elicits the unconditioned response. does not require learningEx: hamster loves carrots
53
what is the unconditioned response?
is not learned, is innate.Ex: hamster gets excited near a carrot
54
what is the conditioned stimuli?
the thing that can elicit the conditioned response
55
what is generalization?
ability of a stimulus to elicit the same response as the conditioned stimulus because it is SIMILAR
56
what is discrimination?
ability to discriminate between stimuli and respond to some but not others
57
what is extinction?
when conditioned stimulus no longer elicits conditioned response
58
what is spontaneous recovery?
when an old conditioned response comes back spontaneously
59
what is an extinction burst?
after not receiving the stimulus for a while, the animal will have a spike in the conditioned response before extinction
60
what is aversive conditioning?
classical conditioning used to stop certain behaviorsEx: If you want to stop Lashonda from smoking you shock her every time she smokes
61
what is positive reinforcement?
adding/giving something to increase likelyhood that behavior will be repeated
62
what is negative reinforcement?
removing stimulus to increase likelyhood of behavior being repeated
63
what is positive punishment
adding a stimulus to stop a behavior from happening
64
what is negative punishment
removing a stimulus to stop a behavior from happening
65
what are primary reinforcers?
things that are innately satisfying like food or sexy time
66
what are secondary reinforcers?
things that have been LEARNED to be positive
67
what is operant extinction?
response no longer reinforced so it may not occur again
68
what is instinctual drift?
innate tendency to replace operantly conditioned shit with instinctual shit
69
what is shaping?
gradually reinforcing behaviors that will lead to or approximate the "target" behavior
70
what is a partial reinforcement schedule?
behavior reinforced only some of the time
71
what is continuous reinforcement?
each behavior is rewarded
72
what is a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?
reward given after a fixed ratio of responses/behaviors
73
what is fixed interval?
reward given at a fixed TIME interval, may result in slower response rate
74
what is variable ratio?
reward given after different number of responses.Ex: slot machine
75
what is variable interval?
reward given after varying amounts of time
76
which reinforcement schedule is the most effective?
variable ratio
77
what is insight learning?
"aha" moment
78
what is escape learning?
escaping a stimulus once it has occured
79
what is avoidance learning?
when a signal is given before a fire breaks out, and then you escape
80
what is the elaboration likelihood model?
describes wether we take the central or periphal route to process new information
81
what are the 3 characteristics that impact wether we are persuaded for or against a particular message?
message characteristics, source characteristics, target(listener) characteristics
82
what is central route processing?
only if you are interested in it, deep processing of info, creates LASTING attitude change
83
what is peripheral route processing?
when you arent interested or motivated in the message, focus on superficial characteristics of speaker, leads to TEMPORARY attitude change
84
what is reciprocal determinism?
interaction between individuals behaviors, enviroment, and cognition.Ex: you like soccer(cognition), so you join a soccer team (environment), spend time with soccer players (behavior). and any of these 3 can be interchanged
85
what is internal locus of control?
you can control your own destiny
86
what is external locus of control?
something else is in control of your destiny.Ex: blame external factors
87
what is the tyranny of choice?
too many choices at supermarket, leads to decision paralysis and regret over buying
88
what is self control?
ability to control desires and delay gratifications
89
what is ego depletion?
idea that self control is a limited resource
90
what are some ways to improve self control?
change environment, operant conditioning, classical conditioning, deprivation
91
what is the the method used in operant conditioning to operationally define a subject's motivational state?
depriving subject of something desirable for a period of time
92
social cognitive theory suggests what about how behavior is learned?
 through observing others and modeling their actions.

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