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Premed95 > 7BC - Social Processes, Attitude and Behavior Change > Flashcards

7BC - Social Processes, Attitude and Behavior Change Flashcards

1
Q

what is conformity?

A

“peer pressure”. tendency to bring thoughts in line with majority

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2
Q

what is informative influence?

A

look to group for guidance when you have no knowledge of the topic

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3
Q

what is normative influence?

A

even though you have background knowledge, you conform to the group to avoid being a social outcast

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4
Q

what is private conformity?

A

when you publicly conform but privately maintain your own beliefs

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5
Q

what is public conformity?

A

you maintain your core beliefs and remain “unconvinced”

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6
Q

what is group polarization?

A

when opinion/decision of a group pushes to an extreme. this happens because all criticism is directed to dissenting view and all praise is directed to shit that supports the majority opinion

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7
Q

what is groupthink?

A

everyone thinks/acts the same way to maintain cohesiveness

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8
Q

what is obedience?

A

obey orders from a higher authority(traffic laws, firefighter, mein fuhrer)

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9
Q

what is social anomie?

A

breakdown of social bonds between an individual and their community

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10
Q

what is compliance?

A

when we do a behavior in order to gain a reward or avoid punishment

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11
Q

what is identification?

A

when you dress/act a certain way to be like someone you look up to

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12
Q

what is internalization?

A

when a thought/idea/beliefe has been integrated into your own value/belief system

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13
Q

what is normatiave social influence?

A

we do something to gain respect/support of peers and to be accepted by themEx: all my friends like justin bieber and i pretend like i do even though i feel like he is a moron

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14
Q

what is informational social influence?

A

when you defer to the judgement of people who you think have more knowledge of the topic than you

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15
Q

whats the deal with Solomon Asch’s line experiments?

A

showed that people would conform even though they knew they were right or because they doubted themselves

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16
Q

what is ecological validity?

A

does the experiment relate to the real world?

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17
Q

what is demand characteristics?

A

results altered because of what the subject thing the experimenter wants them to say/do

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18
Q

whats the deal with Milgram’s experiments?

A

people shocked a confederate alot due to obedience to authority. demonstrated that everyone has a fundamental obedient side to them

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19
Q

what is the just world phenomenon?

A

the world is fair and people get what they deserve

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20
Q

what is the main point of the zimbardo/stanford prison experiment?

A

deindividuation and control over the prisoners.

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21
Q

what are some factors that can influence conformity/obedience?

A

group size, unanimity, group status, group cohesion

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22
Q

what is the bystander effect?

A

people feel less responsibility to do shit or help others when in a large group

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23
Q

what is the diffusion of responsibiliy theory?

A

explains bystander effect. when in a group you feel less responsible for shit

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24
Q

what is deindividuation?

A

individual more likely to act badly in a group beause they “blend in”

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25
Q

what is social facilitaiton?

A

increase likelyhood that the most “dominant response” will occur. can be either positive or negative

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26
Q

what is social loafing?

A

when you put in less effort when individual beahvior isn’t evaluated

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27
Q

what is the hawthorne effect?

A

individuals modify aspect of their behavior when they know they are being watched

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28
Q

what is socialization?

A

lifelong process where we learn social expectations and how to interact with others

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29
Q

what are agents of socialization?

A

things that help you socializefamily, media, friends, religion, school

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30
Q

what is a social norm?

A

standard for behavior set by groups of individuals and can vary by country. are enforced by positive and negative “sanctions”

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31
Q

what is a folkway?

A

basically like a common courtesy/manner.Ex: saying thanks to the cashier, telling friend his zipper is open

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32
Q

what is a more?

A

a norm based on MORAL VALUES, such as being truthul

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33
Q

what is a law?

A

a norm based on right/wrong but has FORMAL CONSEQUENCES(breaking a law)

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34
Q

what is a taboo?

A

behavior that is completely forbidden/wrong in cultures.Ex: incest, cannibalism

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35
Q

what is deviance?

A

when a norm is violated

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36
Q

what is symbolic interactionism?

A

society is a product of everyday interactions of individuals

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37
Q

what is the theory of differential association?

A

deviance is learned behavior that results from continual exposure to others who violate norms.

38
Q

what is labeling theory?

A

a behavior is deviant of society has judged it to be deviant and labled it as such

39
Q

what is primary deviance?

A

one that is met with mild/no reaction

40
Q

what is secondary deviance?

A

one that is met with severe reaction/consequence

41
Q

what is strain theory?

A

if a person is blocked from attaining a goal that society says is commendable, they will turn to deviance to achieve that goal

42
Q

what is collective behavior?

A

involves short social behavior when groups aggregrate for a short period of time.

43
Q

what differentiates collective behavior from groups?

A

the fact that they are OPEN and have LOOSE NORMS

44
Q

what is a fad?

A

“fleeting behavior”. emerges and dies out quicklyEx: cinammon challenge, ice bucket challenge, mannequin challenge

45
Q

what is mass hysteria?

A

large group of people experience anxiety, fear, and delusions.reaction is spread rapidly.Ex: people going crazy when a winter storm is incoming

46
Q

what are riots?

A

large number of people engaging in dangerous or illegal behavior

47
Q

what is habituation?

A

getting sensitized to a stimulus

48
Q

what is dishabituation?

A

when previously habituated stimulus is removed

49
Q

what is associative learning?

A

when one event is connected to anotherEx: Classical Conditioning/operant conditioning

50
Q

what is nonassociative learning?

A

repeated exposure to one stimulus

51
Q

what are the basics of classical/Pavlovian conditioning?

A

able to elicit an innate response to a previously conditioned stimulus in response to a (previously) neutral stimulus

52
Q

what is the unconditioned stimulus?

A

the thing that elicits the unconditioned response. does not require learningEx: hamster loves carrots

53
Q

what is the unconditioned response?

A

is not learned, is innate.Ex: hamster gets excited near a carrot

54
Q

what is the conditioned stimuli?

A

the thing that can elicit the conditioned response

55
Q

what is generalization?

A

ability of a stimulus to elicit the same response as the conditioned stimulus because it is SIMILAR

56
Q

what is discrimination?

A

ability to discriminate between stimuli and respond to some but not others

57
Q

what is extinction?

A

when conditioned stimulus no longer elicits conditioned response

58
Q

what is spontaneous recovery?

A

when an old conditioned response comes back spontaneously

59
Q

what is an extinction burst?

A

after not receiving the stimulus for a while, the animal will have a spike in the conditioned response before extinction

60
Q

what is aversive conditioning?

A

classical conditioning used to stop certain behaviorsEx: If you want to stop Lashonda from smoking you shock her every time she smokes

61
Q

what is positive reinforcement?

A

adding/giving something to increase likelyhood that behavior will be repeated

62
Q

what is negative reinforcement?

A

removing stimulus to increase likelyhood of behavior being repeated

63
Q

what is positive punishment

A

adding a stimulus to stop a behavior from happening

64
Q

what is negative punishment

A

removing a stimulus to stop a behavior from happening

65
Q

what are primary reinforcers?

A

things that are innately satisfying like food or sexy time

66
Q

what are secondary reinforcers?

A

things that have been LEARNED to be positive

67
Q

what is operant extinction?

A

response no longer reinforced so it may not occur again

68
Q

what is instinctual drift?

A

innate tendency to replace operantly conditioned shit with instinctual shit

69
Q

what is shaping?

A

gradually reinforcing behaviors that will lead to or approximate the “target” behavior

70
Q

what is a partial reinforcement schedule?

A

behavior reinforced only some of the time

71
Q

what is continuous reinforcement?

A

each behavior is rewarded

72
Q

what is a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

A

reward given after a fixed ratio of responses/behaviors

73
Q

what is fixed interval?

A

reward given at a fixed TIME interval, may result in slower response rate

74
Q

what is variable ratio?

A

reward given after different number of responses.Ex: slot machine

75
Q

what is variable interval?

A

reward given after varying amounts of time

76
Q

which reinforcement schedule is the most effective?

A

variable ratio

77
Q

what is insight learning?

A

“aha” moment

78
Q

what is escape learning?

A

escaping a stimulus once it has occured

79
Q

what is avoidance learning?

A

when a signal is given before a fire breaks out, and then you escape

80
Q

what is the elaboration likelihood model?

A

describes wether we take the central or periphal route to process new information

81
Q

what are the 3 characteristics that impact wether we are persuaded for or against a particular message?

A

message characteristics, source characteristics, target(listener) characteristics

82
Q

what is central route processing?

A

only if you are interested in it, deep processing of info, creates LASTING attitude change

83
Q

what is peripheral route processing?

A

when you arent interested or motivated in the message, focus on superficial characteristics of speaker, leads to TEMPORARY attitude change

84
Q

what is reciprocal determinism?

A

interaction between individuals behaviors, enviroment, and cognition.Ex: you like soccer(cognition), so you join a soccer team (environment), spend time with soccer players (behavior). and any of these 3 can be interchanged

85
Q

what is internal locus of control?

A

you can control your own destiny

86
Q

what is external locus of control?

A

something else is in control of your destiny.Ex: blame external factors

87
Q

what is the tyranny of choice?

A

too many choices at supermarket, leads to decision paralysis and regret over buying

88
Q

what is self control?

A

ability to control desires and delay gratifications

89
Q

what is ego depletion?

A

idea that self control is a limited resource

90
Q

what are some ways to improve self control?

A

change environment, operant conditioning, classical conditioning, deprivation

91
Q

what is the the method used in operant conditioning to operationally define a subject’s motivational state?

A

depriving subject of something desirable for a period of time

92
Q

social cognitive theory suggests what about how behavior is learned?

A

through observing others and modeling their actions.

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