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PCE > Physical Examination > Flashcards

Physical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Normal heart rate…

A

60-100 bpm

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2
Q

Bradycardia =

A

Less than 60bpm

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3
Q

Tachycardia =

A

More than 100bpm

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4
Q

Normal respiratory rate…

A

12-20 breaths/min

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5
Q

Bradypnea=

A

Less then 12 breaths/min

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6
Q

Tachypnea=

A

More then 20 breaths/min

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7
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Inability to breathe when in a reclining/supine position

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8
Q

What is DOE?

A

Dyspnea on exertion

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9
Q

What is the resp rate for a newborn?

A

35-40 breaths /min

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10
Q

Best position to measure BP?

A

Pt sitting upright with L arm exposed and supported at the level of the heart

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11
Q

Normal BP

A

120/80 mmHG

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12
Q

Hypotension=

A

90/60 mmHg

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13
Q

Hypertension =

A

140/90 mmHG

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14
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Drop pf SBP by 20mmHG from lying ^upright

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15
Q

Normal O2 sats

A

94% above

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16
Q

Requires supplemental O2 of sats are…

A

Below 88%

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17
Q

Funnel chest

A

Pectus excavatum

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18
Q

Pigeon chest

A

Pectus carinatum

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19
Q

Barrel chest

A

AP:lateral

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20
Q

Clubbing is associated with

A

Chronic deficiency of O2

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21
Q

Sputum with foul smell is only found in these two conditions…

A

Bronchiectasis and lung abscess

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22
Q

What colour is the sputum for pulmonary edema,

A

Pink frothy

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23
Q

Tracheal positioning:
Increase of volume or pressure…

A

Pushes the mediastinum away

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24
Q

Tracheal positioning:
Decrease of volume or pressure…

A

Shifts the mediastinum ipsilateral(same side)

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25
Q

Tactile fremitus:
More dense tissue

A

Increase tactile fremitus

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26
Q

Tactile fremitus:
Less dense tissue

A

Decrease tactile fremitus.
Ex: air (not dense)

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27
Q

Indicates air in the chest wall… hyperresonant or dull?

A

Hyperrosonant

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28
Q

Indicates consolidation or pleural fluid in the chest wall… hyperresonant or dull?

A

Dull

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29
Q

Ph normal values

A

7,35- 7,45
Less the 7,35 :acidosis
More then 7,45: alkalosis

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30
Q

PaCO2( partial pressure of Co2 )normal values

A

35-45 mmHG
Less then 35: alkalosis
More then 45: acidosis

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31
Q

HcO3 normal values

A

22-26 mEq/l
Less then 22: acidosis
More then 26: alkalosis

32
Q

PaO2( partial pressure of oxygen in the aeterial blood) normal values…

A

80-100mmHG
Mild hipoxemia: 60-80
Moderate hipoxemia: 40-60
Severe hipoxemia :less then 40

33
Q

Ph level abnormal
One component (PaCO2 or HCO3) abnormal and the other normal

A

Umcompensated

34
Q

Ph level abnormal
The other two components are also abnormal (PaCO2 or HCO3) …

A

Partially compensated

35
Q

Ph level is normal
The other two component (PaCO2
HCO3) are abnormal…

A

Compensated

36
Q

Normal Ratio of inspiration and expiration

A

1:2

37
Q

Ratio of inspiration and expiration for obstructive disease?

A

1:3

38
Q

Ratio of inspiration and expiration for restrictive disease?

A

1:1

39
Q

What does IPPA stand for?

A

Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation

40
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal respiratory rate (12-20 breaths per minute in

41
Q

Normal respiraty rate in infants

A

30-50 breaths per minute

42
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Drop of SBP by 20 mmH from going from lying to upright

43
Q

Pallor

A

Pale color of the skin

44
Q

What does poor capillary refill indicate?

A

Poor peripheral perfusion

45
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low oxygen in arterial blood

46
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low oxygen at the tissue level

47
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema

A

Gas or air trapping under the skin

48
Q

Coarse crackles typically indicate the presence of

A

Sputum/Secretions

49
Q

Stridor is caused by:

A

Turbulent air flow such as large obstructions in upper airways (e.g., foreign body aspirations)

or narrowing of upper airways (e.g., allergic reaction, tumor compressing upper airway)

50
Q

3 techniques to assess voice sounds

A

Egophony, Whispered pectoriloquy, Bronchophony

51
Q

Foul smelling sputum can be present in which condition (s)?

A

Bronchiectasis and lung abcess

52
Q

Nasal flaring may be a sign of

A

Respiratory distress

53
Q

Which PPE should be used if you may have to touch blood, bodily fluids, non-intact skin, or contaminated items?

A

Gloves

54
Q

Which PPE should be used if your face may be exposed to a splash, spray, cough, or sneeze?

A

Mask and eye protection/face shield

55
Q

Which PPE should be used if your skin or clothing may be exposed to splashes or items contaminated with blood or bodily fluids?

A

Gown

56
Q

MRSA is transmitted through
transmission

A

Contact

57
Q

Tuberculosis is transmitted through
transmission

A

Airborne

58
Q

Pneumonia is transmitted primarily through transmission

A

Droplet

59
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Removal of a lung

60
Q

Lobectomy

A

Removal of a lobe of a lung

61
Q

Wedge resection

A

Removal of a portion of a lung (not limited to an anatomical region) e.g., removing a small tumor

62
Q

Bullectomy

A

Removal of a large emphysematous tissue

63
Q

Thorocotomy

A

A surgical procedure to gain access to the thoracic cavity

64
Q

What are potential complications of pulmonary surgery?

A

Aspiration, increased pain, phrenic nerve impairment, atelectasis, ulcers, DVT

65
Q

Which muscles are incised in a posterolateral thorocotomy?

A

Latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, external intercostals, internal intercostals, trapezius, and rhomboids

66
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a DVT?

A

Leg pain, tenderness, ankle edema, calf swelling, dilated veins, positive Homans sign( calf pain w DF)

67
Q

How is the Homans’ test performed?

A

The patient’s foot is passively (and forcefully) dorsiflexed with the knee extended.

Some sources also state to simultaneously squeeze the calf with the other hand. Pain in the calf indicates a positive test for DVT.

68
Q

What should you do if you suspect your patient has a DVT?

A

Stop treatment which may be contraindicated until further notice, alert the surgeon/doctor/nurse, document your findings

69
Q

Which vessels may be used for a Coronary Artery Bypass
Graft (CABG)?

A

Saphenous Vein, internal thoracic artery (aka internal mammary artery), radial artery.

70
Q

What does a bypass machine (aka ECMO) do?

A

Blood is pumped outside of your body to a heart-lung machine that removes carbon dioxide and sends oxygen-filled blood back to tissues in the body.

71
Q

What are the sternal precautions during the first 6-8 weeks post-op?

A

No pushing, no pulling, no lifting one arm above 90° (some sources say you can),

no hand behind back
, no driving (first 4 weeks),
no lifting > 10lbs (some sources say 5lbs).

72
Q

What are non-invasive forms of adminstrating mechanical ventilation?

A

Nasal mask, complete face mask

73
Q

What are potential complications of mechanical ventilation?

A

Barotrauma
, volutrauma
, ventilator acquired peumonia,
diaphragm atrophy
, hemodynamic compromise

74
Q

The process of decreasing mechanical ventilation is known
as

A

Weaning

75
Q

What are some alternative methods of communication when a client is intubated?

A

Writing, hand signals, communication boards

PCE (30 decks)

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