Cardiovascular Diseases

Question 1

Insufficient blood flow to the myocardium…
What’s the condition?

Answer 1

Myocardial ischemia

Question 2

Myocardial 02 does not meet demand causing chest pain, resulting in reversible ischemia…
What’s the condition?

Answer 2

Angina

Question 3

-occurs only when the heart has to work harder than the normal( exerc)
-relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
What is this type of angina ?

Answer 3

Stable angina

Question 4

-unpredictable
-can occur during activities or at rest
-not relieved by rest
-may not be relieved by nitroglycerin (NTG)
-requires immediate medical attention
What is this type of angina?

Answer 4

Unstable angina

Question 5

Pts can lie down on the side of the tube (after thorocotomy).
True or false?

Answer 5

True.
Pts can lie down on the side of the tube as long as it doesn’t pull,or compress. Alsonthe chest tube path must be intact.

Question 6

You can raise the resevour abobe the insertion on a thorocotomy.
True or false?

Answer 6

False. You CANNOT raise the resovour above the site of the insertion.

Question 7

In pneumonectomy, avoid lying with surgical side up until further notice from the doctor.
True or false

Answer 7

True. Quando se retira o lung, no espaco eh inserido uma solução salinea que se solidifica c o tempo. E dado um no p conter.
Se a pessoa deitar com o lado da cirurgia p cima pode vazar essa solução no pulmao q esta bom.

Question 8

Signs and symptoms for DVT? Cite 6

Answer 8

-leg pain
-ankle edema
-dilated veins
-positive Homan’s sign
-tenderness
-calf swelling

Question 9

How to prevent DVT?

Answer 9

-early mobilization
-ankle pumps
-graduated compression stockings

Question 10

What do you do if u suspect your pt has DVT?

Answer 10

-stop the Tx until further notice
-alert the doctor/nurse
-document your findings

Question 11

ECG changes:
ST segment depression is an ischemia or myocardial infarction?

Answer 11

Ischemia:
St seg depression
Inverted T wave

Question 12

ECG changes:
ST segment elevation is an eschemia or myocardial infarction?

Answer 12

Large acute MI w injury to myocardial tissue

Question 13

Four phases of cardiac rehabilitation:

Answer 13

1- acute/inpatient phase
2-subacure/conditioning phase
3-intensive rehab phase
4-maintenance phase

Question 14

In which of the Four phases of cardiac rehabilitation the resistance training is initiated…

Answer 14

Phase 3 intensive rehab phase

Question 15

Three types of congestive heart failure…

Answer 15

1- right sided heart failure
2- left sided heart failure
3- biventricular heart failure

Question 16

-pulmonary edema
-dyspnea
-increase work breathing
-orthopnea
-pink and frothy sputum
-tachypnea
-on auscultation: crackles
What kind of heart failure is this?

Answer 16

Left sided heart failure

Question 17

-peripheral edema
-pitting edema
-sob
-weakness/fatigue
-jugular venous distension
-liver damage/enlarged spleen
-decreased blood flow in periphery
-kidney and brain issues
What type of congestive heart failure is this?

Answer 17

Right side heart failure

Question 18

Pulmonary edema: an abnormal accumulation of FLUID (not secretion) in the lungs…true or false

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Can we use clearance secretion techniques for someone w pulmonary edema?

Answer 19

No. You can use “suction” to take out the FLUIDS.

Question 20

What are the two characteristics of pulmonary edema?

Answer 20

Orthopnea and cough with PINK frothy sputum

Question 21

How is the tactile fremitus presented in pulmonary edema?

Answer 21

Normal or increased

Question 22

How is the percussion on pulmonary edema?
Hyperresonat
Or dull?

Answer 22

Dull

Question 23

How is the auscultation in pulmonary edema?

Answer 23

Fine insp crackles, decreased BS

Question 24

No consolidation only Fluid.
Positive or negative egophony?

Answer 24

Negative

Question 25

Increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating. Caused by lung consolidation/fibrosis
Positive or negative egophony?

Answer 25

Positive agophony

Question 26

Two main characteristics of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 26

Chest pain
May have cough with BLOODY sputum (hemoptysis)

Question 27

Interventions for PE after it’s confirmed…

Answer 27

-stop exercs
-notify nurse/doctor
-document

Question 28

Interventions for PE before it’s confirmed…

Answer 28

-bed exercs
-early mobilization
Compression stockings

Question 29

Are compression stockings indicated for peripheral vascular disease?

Answer 29

No. Bc it will make the blood flow gets even harder

Question 30

-Buerger’s test ( pt supine, u elevate their legs and they get pale)
-leg pain ( intermittent claudication)
-coldness is affected leg
-decrease mobility and function of limb due to pain
-possible numbness

Answer 30

Symptoms of PVD
Peripheral vascular disease

Question 31

-pain when amb
-pain stops if they stop amb and are upright
-pain if the pt is amb and is bended over
-no pain if pt is seated

What type pf claudication is that?

Answer 31

Intermittent claudication:

Increase pain with activity due to increased energy demands on the muscle which has poor circulation

Question 32

-pain when amb
-spinal movement (bend down) improves the pain
-pt stops amb but are upright:pain continues
-pt amb but bending over:pain improves
What kind of claudication is that?

Answer 32

Neurogenic claudication