Cardiovascular Diseases Flashcards
Insufficient blood flow to the myocardium…
What’s the condition?
Myocardial ischemia
Myocardial 02 does not meet demand causing chest pain, resulting in reversible ischemia…
What’s the condition?
Angina
-occurs only when the heart has to work harder than the normal( exerc)
-relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
What is this type of angina ?
Stable angina
-unpredictable
-can occur during activities or at rest
-not relieved by rest
-may not be relieved by nitroglycerin (NTG)
-requires immediate medical attention
What is this type of angina?
Unstable angina
Pts can lie down on the side of the tube (after thorocotomy).
True or false?
True.
Pts can lie down on the side of the tube as long as it doesn’t pull,or compress. Alsonthe chest tube path must be intact.
You can raise the resevour abobe the insertion on a thorocotomy.
True or false?
False. You CANNOT raise the resovour above the site of the insertion.
In pneumonectomy, avoid lying with surgical side up until further notice from the doctor.
True or false
True. Quando se retira o lung, no espaco eh inserido uma solução salinea que se solidifica c o tempo. E dado um no p conter.
Se a pessoa deitar com o lado da cirurgia p cima pode vazar essa solução no pulmao q esta bom.
Signs and symptoms for DVT? Cite 6
-leg pain
-ankle edema
-dilated veins
-positive Homan’s sign
-tenderness
-calf swelling
How to prevent DVT?
-early mobilization
-ankle pumps
-graduated compression stockings
What do you do if u suspect your pt has DVT?
-stop the Tx until further notice
-alert the doctor/nurse
-document your findings
ECG changes:
ST segment depression is an ischemia or myocardial infarction?
Ischemia:
St seg depression
Inverted T wave
ECG changes:
ST segment elevation is an eschemia or myocardial infarction?
Large acute MI w injury to myocardial tissue
Four phases of cardiac rehabilitation:
1- acute/inpatient phase
2-subacure/conditioning phase
3-intensive rehab phase
4-maintenance phase
In which of the Four phases of cardiac rehabilitation the resistance training is initiated…
Phase 3 intensive rehab phase
Three types of congestive heart failure…
1- right sided heart failure
2- left sided heart failure
3- biventricular heart failure
-pulmonary edema
-dyspnea
-increase work breathing
-orthopnea
-pink and frothy sputum
-tachypnea
-on auscultation: crackles
What kind of heart failure is this?
Left sided heart failure
-peripheral edema
-pitting edema
-sob
-weakness/fatigue
-jugular venous distension
-liver damage/enlarged spleen
-decreased blood flow in periphery
-kidney and brain issues
What type of congestive heart failure is this?
Right side heart failure
Pulmonary edema: an abnormal accumulation of FLUID (not secretion) in the lungs…true or false
True
Can we use clearance secretion techniques for someone w pulmonary edema?
No. You can use “suction” to take out the FLUIDS.
What are the two characteristics of pulmonary edema?
Orthopnea and cough with PINK frothy sputum
How is the tactile fremitus presented in pulmonary edema?
Normal or increased
How is the percussion on pulmonary edema?
Hyperresonat
Or dull?
Dull
How is the auscultation in pulmonary edema?
Fine insp crackles, decreased BS
No consolidation only Fluid.
Positive or negative egophony?
Negative
Increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating. Caused by lung consolidation/fibrosis
Positive or negative egophony?
Positive agophony
Two main characteristics of pulmonary embolism?
Chest pain
May have cough with BLOODY sputum (hemoptysis)
Interventions for PE after it’s confirmed…
-stop exercs
-notify nurse/doctor
-document
Interventions for PE before it’s confirmed…
-bed exercs
-early mobilization
Compression stockings
Are compression stockings indicated for peripheral vascular disease?
No. Bc it will make the blood flow gets even harder
-Buerger’s test ( pt supine, u elevate their legs and they get pale)
-leg pain ( intermittent claudication)
-coldness is affected leg
-decrease mobility and function of limb due to pain
-possible numbness
Symptoms of PVD
Peripheral vascular disease
-pain when amb
-pain stops if they stop amb and are upright
-pain if the pt is amb and is bended over
-no pain if pt is seated
What type pf claudication is that?
Intermittent claudication:
Increase pain with activity due to increased energy demands on the muscle which has poor circulation
-pain when amb
-spinal movement (bend down) improves the pain
-pt stops amb but are upright:pain continues
-pt amb but bending over:pain improves
What kind of claudication is that?
Neurogenic claudication
