Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes > Flashcards

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microbes with least level of resistance

A

vegetative bacterial; most likely to be killed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Microbes with moderate levels of resistance

A

protozoan cyst and fungal spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Microbes with high levels of resistance

A

bacterial endospores and prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sterilization

A

any process that destroys all life and inactivates all viruses and prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sterile

A

everything dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inactivated

A

mostly/partly sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

-icide

A

to kill (fungicide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

-statics

A

prevent growth; killing is not the goal (bacteriostatics, fungistatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Disinfectant

A

process of destroying vegetative pathogens/endospores and remove toxic products of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sanitization

A

removes microorganisms and debris; physical removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sepsis

A

state of having microbes present (in body tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Asepsis

A

practice that prevents the entry of a microbe into tissue, body, areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Microbial death

A

whether or not they are capable of undergoing cell division in their optimal conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to decide method to kill microbe

A

number of organisms, nature of the organism, environmental conditions, concentration of antimicrobial agent, mode of action of the antimicrobial agent, presence of interfering organic matter or solvents things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Number of organisms

A

more = thicker = longer time to destroy microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nature of organisms

A

microbes ability to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Environmental conditions

A

temperature and pH in which you’re trying to kill the microorganisms can affect the activity of the disinfectant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Concentration of antimicrobial agent

A

higher the concentration the better the antimicrobial agent is (except alcohol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mode of action of the antimicrobial agent

A

how that antimicrobial agent attacks the microbe and knowing whether or not the microbe actually contains the structure that’s being attacked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Presence of interfering organic matter or solvents things

A

can inhibit the action of antimicrobial agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mode of action

A

against cell wall, surfactants, cellular synthesis, protein structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Action against bacterial cell wall

A

target the cell wall; compromised cell wall can allow attack of cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Action of surfactants

A

disrupts the structural integrity of phospholipid membrane causing release of important molecules and toxins to come into cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Action of targeting cellular synthesis

A

targeting anything that can affect the ability for a microbe to reproduce and survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Action of targeting protein structure and function

A

destroys function of protein; cell wont be able to release waste, bring in nutrients, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Moist heat

A

heat that includes the use of steam (60-135C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Mode of action of moist heat

A

coagulates and denatures protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How to have steam @ temps above 100C?

A

add pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Eg. of moist heat

A

autoclave, pasteurization (60-70C @ short periods), fasteurization, boiling water

30
Q

Dry heat

A

removes water needed for metabolism, denatures, incinerates (160C+)

31
Q

Eg. of dry heat

A

flame, oven

32
Q

Moist v dry heat

A

moist heat is more effective at same temps (coagulation and denaturing of proteins)

33
Q

Thermal death point

A

lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in 10 minutes

34
Q

Lyophilization

A

freeze-drying microbes/chemicals

35
Q

Lyophilized chemical

A

rehydrating freeze-dried chemicals

36
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

transmitting enough energy molecule is able to eject out of orbital and create chemical changes
(gamma rays and x-ray)

37
Q

Effect of ionizing radiation

A

break covalent bonds in DNA leading to mutations

38
Q

Non-ionizing radiation

A

causes electron to enter slightly higher energy state (not creating ions)

39
Q

Effect of non-ionizing

A

lead to the formation of abnormal bonds

40
Q

Ionizing radiation mutations

A

large scale

41
Q

Non-ionizing radiation mutations

A

point mutations

42
Q

Mechanical removal of microbes

A

using filters to remove microbes from a fluid (liquid/air/water)

43
Q

Chemical agents

A

keep microbes from growing and surviving (eg. disinfectants, antiseptics, sterilizers, preservatives)

44
Q

Aqueous solution

A

pure water or water-based liquid chemical agent

45
Q

Tincture

A

antimicrobial agent that is alcohol or water alcohol-based dilution

46
Q

Ideal antimicrobial chemical agents

A

glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide

47
Q

common antimicrobial chemical halogens

A

chlorine, iodine

48
Q

Mode of action for halogens

A

break disulfide bonds

49
Q

Disulfide bonds

A

bonds between two sulfur atoms that are found in proteins between two cysteine amino acids

50
Q

Amino acids that contain sulfur

A

methionine, cysteines

51
Q

What kind of bond is a disulfide bond?

A

covalent; causes permanent denaturation

52
Q

Chlorine

A

OCl-

53
Q

Hypochlorite (most common chlorine)

A

OCl

54
Q

Iodine

A

free iodine and iodophors

55
Q

Iodophors

A

iodine complexed with neutral polymers

56
Q

What do large molecules in iodophors allow?

A

slow release of the iodine into solution; allow for function and lasting effects

57
Q

Phenol

A

six carbon ring structure with double bonds in the ring structure with an attached hydroxide functional group

58
Q

Mode of action phenol

A

disrupts cell walls and it disrupts cell membranes and also precipitates proteins

59
Q

Chlorhexidine chlorexodyne

A

combination of chlorine and two phenolic rings

60
Q

Ethanol

A

two carbons with a hydroxide

61
Q

Isopropanol

A

three carbon alcohol with the hydroxide alcohol; more effective

62
Q

Mode of action for alcohols

A

concentrations 50 or higher dissolve membrane lipids and denature proteins by coagulation

63
Q

Why does 80% alcohol not coagulate?

A

not enough water

64
Q

What does alcohol do to the cell?

A

dehydrates the cell, does not kill

65
Q

Oxidizing agents

A

hydrogen peroxide and ozone

66
Q

Cationic detergents include

A

quaternary ammonium/quats

67
Q

Quats (cationic)

A

attracted to the phospholipids and be very effective at causing leaks in the cell membrane

68
Q

Mode of action metallic elements

A

bind to functional groups of proteins and inactivate them bringing metabolism

69
Q

Aldehydes

A

organic substance that contains a c-h-o functional group or an aldehyde functional group

70
Q

Eg. aldehydes

A

glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde

71
Q

Ethylene oxide

A

sterilizer when binds to DNA molecules and proteins

72
Q

Chlorine dioxide

A

strong alkylating agent reacting with functional groups in DNA and protein

Microbiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions