Phys II- Reproduction Flashcards
What are Autosomes?
- 22 homologous pairs
- code for general human characteristics (not paired)
Testosterone
- steroid (cholesterol)
- sex and non sex effects
Spermatogenesis
- spermatogonia to spermatozoa
- stimulated by FSH
3 Steps of Spermatogenesis
- Mitotic Proliferation
- 46
- 2 mitotic divisions
- 4 spermatocytes
- Meiosis
- 23
- 2 meiotic divisions
- 16 spermatozoa
- Packaging
- head (nucleas/DNA)
- Acrosome (enzyme cap for penetration)
- midpiece (mitochondria)
- tail (mobility)
Sertoli Cells
- secrete fluid pushing sperm along
- release inhibin
- negative feedback for FSH
LH
- testosterone control
- spermatogenesis
- rapid rise and slow decline over 90 mins
FSH
- GnRH from anterior pituitary 9 min
- testosterone feedback to GnRH and LH producing cells
- inhibin inhibits FSH
Describe hormone levels before puberty
- GnRH is low
- thus Testosterone , LH, and FSH are too low to produce sperm before puberty
Describe the route of sperm during spermatogenesis
Seminiferous tubule- epididymis- ductus defrens
- movement caused by pressure gradient cerated by fluid from sertoli cells
What occurs in the epididymis
- motility, storage and fertilization by testosterone
What moves the sperm along the ductus defrens?
- peristaltic contractions
Seminal Vesicles
- fructose for energy
- prostaglandins (smooth muscle motility in M and F)
- fibrinogen
Prostate Gland
- alkaline fluid to neutralize acid in vagina
- clotting enzymes
- fibrinolysin
Bulbourethral Glands
- lubricating mucus
What physiologically causes an erection?
- NO from PNS
Ejaculation
- spinal reflex
- efferent SNS
- contraction of smooth muscle in epididymis, vas defrens, ejaculatory ducts, prostate, seminal vesicles, and urethra
- 2.5-3mls
Ovaries
- produce ova
- estrogen
- progesterone
Estrogen
- ova maturation and release
- secondary sex characteristics
- transports sperm from vagina to oviduct
- breast development
Progesterone
- suitable environment for fetus
- breast’s ability to produce milk