Micro Ch 21

Question 1

S. aureus: Folliculitis

1. Signs&Symptoms
2. Treatment

Answer 1

1. • Furnicule- red, swollen, pus formation
   • Carbuncle- draining, blood entry
2. • can be surgically removed
   • antibiotic if in blood

Question 2

S. aureus: SSSS

1. Vulnerable Population
2. Treatment
3. Signs&Symptoms
4. Mechanism of Action

Answer 2

1. • very young or very elderly
2. • isolate patients
   • antibiotics (arythro or pen-v)
3. • skin blisters
   • particularly bad in genitilia
   • clear fluid
   • skin peeling
   • danger for secondary infection
4. • powerful exotoxin (exfolative)
   • breaks ester bond in skin causing peeling

Question 3

S. aureus: Impetigo

1. Signs&Symptoms
2. Vulnerable Population

Answer 3

1. • oozing of plasma
   • yellow crusts
   • local inflammation
   • pyoderma
     2.
   • Newborns

Question 4

S. aureus: TSS

1. Risk Factors
2. Signs&Symptoms
3. Mechanism of Action

Answer 4

1. • prolonged tampon use
   • post-surgury
   • birth
2. • high fever
   • severe headaches
   • body aches
   • confusion
   • delirium
   • nausea
   • vomiting
   • sun bum rash
   • shock
   • death (<3%)
3. • Super antigen
   • TSS exotoxin I and II

Question 5

What does confusion and delirium indicate in TSS?

Answer 5

CNS is effected

Question 6

Why are tampons ideal for TSS?

Answer 6

• nutrient rich
• material depletes Mg++ in vag and therefore moisture
• abrasion of epithelium

Question 7

What are the recommendations for tampon use to prevent TSS?

Answer 7

• hand washing before insertion
• be aware of absorption and avoid over use
• change tampon every 6-8 hr and avoid overnight use
• discontinue use or antibiotic regimin

Question 8

S. pyogenes: Impetego

1. Vulnerable Population

Answer 8

• school aged children

Question 9

S. pyogenes: Necrotizing Fasciitis

1. Mechanism of Action
2. Effects

Answer 9

1. • Exotoxin A
   • Kyluronidase
   • Collaginase
   • destroys fascia (threads of connective tissue)
2. • organ failure
   • mortality (50%)

Question 10

S. pyogenes: Erysipelales

1. Signs&Symptoms
2. Risks
3. Treatment

Answer 10

1. • raised margins of wound (goes into deep tissue)
2. • can become septicaemic
3. • betalactaine antibiotics

Question 11

P. aeruginosa: Dermatitis

1. Signs&Symptoms
2. Risk Factors
3. Vulnerable Population
4. Risks
5. Entry Point

Answer 11

1. • rash (lasts for up to 2 weeks)
2. • pool water
   • hot tubs
   • natural H2O
3. • kids
4. • otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)
   • ear drum damage
5. • hair follicles

Question 12

P. aeruginosa: Otitis Externa

1. Signs& Symptoms
2. Risk Factors

Answer 12

1. • pus
   • pain
2. • natural H2O (areas with little movement)

Question 13

P. aeruginosa: Burn Patients

1. Signs&Symptoms
2. Risks
3. Risk Factors

Answer 13

1. • blue-green pus
2. • increased morbidity
     3 .
   • filtered air

Question 14

Why is P. aeruginosa so dangerous for people with CF?

Answer 14

• hides from phagocytes

- hind in flower vases and mop buckets

Question 15

Acnes

1. Risk Factors
2. Signs&Symptoms
3. Three Levels
4. Mechanism of Action
5. Entry Point
6. Treatment

Answer 15

1. • hormone increase
2. • sebum production increase
3. i. Comedonal- mild
   ii. Inflammitory- intermediate
   iii. Cystic- severe
4. • metabolizes with exoenzyme lipase causing blackened end product full of fatty acid and glycerol
5. • attaches to base of hair follicle (white-head)
6. • normal- benzol peroxide an d erythromycin
   • cystic- isoterin

Question 16

Viral: Warts: HPV

1. Number of Strains
2. Prevention
3. Transmission
4. Virion Pathway
5. Treatment

Answer 16

1. • 50
2. • Vaccine (helps with potential for cervical, throat, and mouth cancer)
3. • formites
   • shower floor
   • sexually
   • interpersonal
4. • travel through roots
5. • burnt to root with liquid N2
   • burnt with electrical current
   • salicylic acid (24%), repeated use, done at home
   • burnt with laser

Question 17

What is the downside of the HHSV vaccine?

Answer 17

only targets 4 strains

Question 18

HHSV-1

1. Manifestation
2. Detrimental Effects

Answer 18

1. Cold Sores/Fever Blisters in oral/respiratory

2. latent, recurs with stress and hormones

Question 19

HHSV-2

1. Manifestation
2. Detrimental Effects
3. Treatment

Answer 19

1. Genital Herpes housed in Sacral Region of Spine
2. Encepholitic
3. Acylovir

Question 20

While HHSV-1 is usually localized to the mouth area, and HHSV-2 the genitilia, how can they reverse positions?

Answer 20

oral sex

Question 21

HSSV-3

1. Manifestation
2. Entry Point
3. Treatment
4. Prevention
5. Incubation Period

Answer 21

1. travels from blood to skin causing chicken pox or shingles which manifest in a series of crops with a pustule which is very infective
2. respiratory
3. acylovir (shingles)
4. vircella zoster
5. 14-21 days

Question 22

Smallpox

1. Prevention
2. Detrimental Effects

Answer 22

1. used to be vaccine, eradicated now

2. death or scarring

Question 23

Rubeola

1. Prevention
2. Signs&Symptoms
3. Diagnostics
4. Incubation Period
5. Risks

Answer 23

1. • MMR vaccine
2. • red measles
   • fever
   • runny nose
   • pink eye
3. • Koplik’s Spots- swollen tongue with white spots
4. • 3 days
5. • middl ear inx
   • pneumonia
   • encephalitis
   • progressive SSPE (nerve degeneration and death)

Question 24

Rubella

1. Prevention
2. Diagnostics
3. Signs&Symptoms
4. Risks

Answer 24

1. • MMR vaccine
2. • no Koplik’s
3. • pink measles
4. • transfer from mom to baby
   • mental defects
   • cataracts
   • deafness

Question 25

Conjunctivitis: Pseudomonas

1. Transmission
2. Signs&Symptoms

Answer 25

1. • contact lenses
2. • red
   • swelling
   • discharge
   • sensitivity
   • bloodshot
   • increased tears

Question 26

Trachoma

1. Disease
2. Signs&Symptoms
3. Risks

Answer 26

1. • untreated chlamydia in eye
2. • redness
   • inturned eyelid
   • trichasis on cornea
3. • leading cause of blindness in the world