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Nursing Year One > Anatomy Final- Digestive > Flashcards

Anatomy Final- Digestive Flashcards

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1
Q

GI Tract vs Accessory Organs

A

GI tract is where food actually passes through including mouth whereas Accessory assist in digestion including tongue and teeth

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2
Q

3 Layers of Tissue in GI Tract

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
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3
Q

Mucosa (where is it an 3 parts)

A
  • inner lining
    1. Epithelial Cells (absorb, enteroendocrine)
    2. Lamina Propria (MALT, connective tissue, blood vessels)
    3. Muscularis Mucosa (smooth muscle, increase SA)
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4
Q

Submucosa

A
  • fibers, nerves, blood vessels
  • binds muscularis to mucosa
  • highly vascular
  • portion of ENS that regulates movements and vasoconstriction
  • innervates secretory cells in mucosa
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5
Q

Where are Submucosal Plexus and Plexus of Meissner Located

A

submucosa

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6
Q

Muscularis (2 components)

A

controls GI movement

  1. Inner Circular
  2. Longitudinal
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7
Q

Location of Myenteric Plexus and Plexus of Auerbach

A

muscularis

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8
Q

Serosa

A
  • superficial layer
  • serous membrane
  • epithelial portion called visceral peritoneum
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9
Q

Labial Frenulum

A

skin flap of upper lip

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10
Q

Oral Vestibule

A

space between cheeks, lips, gums, teeth

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11
Q

Fauces

A

opening at back of mouth

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12
Q

Hard Palate

A

roof of mouth

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13
Q

Soft Palate

A

muscle part of roof

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14
Q

5 Peritoneal Folds

A
  1. Greater Omentum
  2. Falciform Ligament
  3. Lesser Omentum
  4. Mesentery
  5. Mesocolon
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15
Q

Greater Omentum

A
  • largest
  • “fatty apron”
  • over transverse colon and coils small intestine
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16
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

-attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

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17
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

-suspends stomach and duodenum from liver

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18
Q

Mesentery

A

binds jejunum and ilium to posterior abdominal wall

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19
Q

Mesocolon

A

binds transverse colon and sigmoid colons to posterior abdominal wall

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20
Q

3 Types of Salivary Glands

A
  1. Stenson’s Parotid
  2. Wharton’s Submandibular
  3. Rivinus’ Sublingual Glands
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21
Q

Salivary Amylase

A

-plays minor role in starch breakdown

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22
Q

Lingual Lipase

A

secreted by lingual glands with mucus

23
Q

The stomach begins ___ and ____ digestion.

A
  • proteins

- triglycerides

24
Q

Gastrin

A

hormone causing propulsion and retropulsion

25
Q

Pepsin

A

digests proteins

26
Q

Gastric Lipase

A

digests triglycerides

27
Q

Pancreatic Lipase

A

digests fat

28
Q

Cardia of Stomach

A

superior opening (entrance)

29
Q

Fundus of Stomach

A

storing

30
Q

Body of Stomach

A

mixing

31
Q

Pyloric Part

A
  1. Pyloric Antrum (connects to body)
  2. Pyloric Canal (leads to pylorus)
  3. Pylorus (connects to duodenum)
32
Q

What two cells secrete gastric juice?

A

mucus neck, cheif

33
Q

Pancreatic Amylase

A

digests starch

34
Q

3 Protein Enzymes

A
  1. trypsin
  2. chymotrypsin
  3. carboxypeptidase elastase
35
Q

Principal Triglyceride

A
  • digesting enzyme

- including pancreatic lipase, ribonuclease, and deoxyribonuclease

36
Q

Function of Gallbladder

A

stores bile

37
Q

Function of Liver

A
  • emulsification (break up large lipids)
  • absorption
  • bile storage
  • carb, lipid, protein metabolism
  • processes drugs and hormones
  • excretes bilirubin
  • synthesis of bile salts
  • stores vitamins
  • kuffer cells (phagocytes)
  • activates vitamin D
38
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

divides liver into two

39
Q

Quadrate and Caudate Lobes

A

left lobe

40
Q

Ligament Teres

A

round ligament

41
Q

Hepatocytes

A

continually produce bile

42
Q

Hepatic Sinusoids

A

highly permeable blood capillaries between hepatic laminae

43
Q

Intestinal Juices

A

clear, yellow fluid providing vehicle for absorption of substances from chyme

44
Q

Brush-Border Enzymes

A
  • dextrinase, maltose, sucrase, lactase
  • peptidases
  • nucleosidases
  • phosphotases
  • segmentations
  • peristalsis
45
Q

Three Regions of Small Intestine

A
  1. Duodenum (closest to stomach, smallest)
  2. Jejunum (middle, medium)
  3. Ileum (end, longest)
46
Q

Paneth Cells

A

secrete lysosome

47
Q

Mucosa of Small Intestine

A
  • endocrine cells
  • S-Cells (hormone)
  • CCK Cells (cholecytokinin)
  • K-Cells (GIP)
  • Peyer’s patches
48
Q

Submucosa of Small Intestine

A

duodenal (bronner’s) glands secretes alkaline mucus

49
Q

Muscularis of Small Intestine

A 
two layers of muscle 
outer thinner (longitudinal) inner thicker (circular)
50
Q

Haustral Churning

A

in large intestine, contraction and squeezing contents into next houstrum

51
Q

Peristalsis

A

slower wave of contraction

52
Q

Mass Peristalsis

A

occurs in transverse colon and stronger wave

53
Q

What contributes to odor and color of feces?

A

Odor- hydrogen sulfide

Color- Sterobilin

54
Q

The Large Intestine has 4 layers. The typical three and…

A

serosa

Nursing Year One (31 decks)

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