Anatomy Final- Digestive Flashcards
GI Tract vs Accessory Organs
GI tract is where food actually passes through including mouth whereas Accessory assist in digestion including tongue and teeth
3 Layers of Tissue in GI Tract
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis
Mucosa (where is it an 3 parts)
- inner lining
1. Epithelial Cells (absorb, enteroendocrine)
2. Lamina Propria (MALT, connective tissue, blood vessels)
3. Muscularis Mucosa (smooth muscle, increase SA)
Submucosa
- fibers, nerves, blood vessels
- binds muscularis to mucosa
- highly vascular
- portion of ENS that regulates movements and vasoconstriction
- innervates secretory cells in mucosa
Where are Submucosal Plexus and Plexus of Meissner Located
submucosa
Muscularis (2 components)
controls GI movement
- Inner Circular
- Longitudinal
Location of Myenteric Plexus and Plexus of Auerbach
muscularis
Serosa
- superficial layer
- serous membrane
- epithelial portion called visceral peritoneum
Labial Frenulum
skin flap of upper lip
Oral Vestibule
space between cheeks, lips, gums, teeth
Fauces
opening at back of mouth
Hard Palate
roof of mouth
Soft Palate
muscle part of roof
5 Peritoneal Folds
- Greater Omentum
- Falciform Ligament
- Lesser Omentum
- Mesentery
- Mesocolon
Greater Omentum
- largest
- “fatty apron”
- over transverse colon and coils small intestine
Falciform Ligament
-attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
Lesser Omentum
-suspends stomach and duodenum from liver
Mesentery
binds jejunum and ilium to posterior abdominal wall
Mesocolon
binds transverse colon and sigmoid colons to posterior abdominal wall
3 Types of Salivary Glands
- Stenson’s Parotid
- Wharton’s Submandibular
- Rivinus’ Sublingual Glands
Salivary Amylase
-plays minor role in starch breakdown
Lingual Lipase
secreted by lingual glands with mucus
The stomach begins ___ and ____ digestion.
- proteins
- triglycerides
Gastrin
hormone causing propulsion and retropulsion
Pepsin
digests proteins
Gastric Lipase
digests triglycerides
Pancreatic Lipase
digests fat
Cardia of Stomach
superior opening (entrance)
Fundus of Stomach
storing
Body of Stomach
mixing
Pyloric Part
- Pyloric Antrum (connects to body)
- Pyloric Canal (leads to pylorus)
- Pylorus (connects to duodenum)
What two cells secrete gastric juice?
mucus neck, cheif
Pancreatic Amylase
digests starch
3 Protein Enzymes
- trypsin
- chymotrypsin
- carboxypeptidase elastase
Principal Triglyceride
- digesting enzyme
- including pancreatic lipase, ribonuclease, and deoxyribonuclease
Function of Gallbladder
stores bile
Function of Liver
- emulsification (break up large lipids)
- absorption
- bile storage
- carb, lipid, protein metabolism
- processes drugs and hormones
- excretes bilirubin
- synthesis of bile salts
- stores vitamins
- kuffer cells (phagocytes)
- activates vitamin D
Falciform Ligament
divides liver into two
Quadrate and Caudate Lobes
left lobe
Ligament Teres
round ligament
Hepatocytes
continually produce bile
Hepatic Sinusoids
highly permeable blood capillaries between hepatic laminae
Intestinal Juices
clear, yellow fluid providing vehicle for absorption of substances from chyme
Brush-Border Enzymes
- dextrinase, maltose, sucrase, lactase
- peptidases
- nucleosidases
- phosphotases
- segmentations
- peristalsis
Three Regions of Small Intestine
- Duodenum (closest to stomach, smallest)
- Jejunum (middle, medium)
- Ileum (end, longest)
Paneth Cells
secrete lysosome
Mucosa of Small Intestine
- endocrine cells
- S-Cells (hormone)
- CCK Cells (cholecytokinin)
- K-Cells (GIP)
- Peyer’s patches
Submucosa of Small Intestine
duodenal (bronner’s) glands secretes alkaline mucus
Muscularis of Small Intestine
two layers of muscle outer thinner (longitudinal) inner thicker (circular)
Haustral Churning
in large intestine, contraction and squeezing contents into next houstrum
Peristalsis
slower wave of contraction
Mass Peristalsis
occurs in transverse colon and stronger wave
What contributes to odor and color of feces?
Odor- hydrogen sulfide
Color- Sterobilin
The Large Intestine has 4 layers. The typical three and…
serosa
