Anatomy Final- Digestive

Question 1

GI Tract vs Accessory Organs

Answer 1

GI tract is where food actually passes through including mouth whereas Accessory assist in digestion including tongue and teeth

Question 2

3 Layers of Tissue in GI Tract

Answer 2

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis

Question 3

Mucosa (where is it an 3 parts)

Answer 3

• inner lining
  1. Epithelial Cells (absorb, enteroendocrine)
  2. Lamina Propria (MALT, connective tissue, blood vessels)
  3. Muscularis Mucosa (smooth muscle, increase SA)

Question 4

Submucosa

Answer 4

• fibers, nerves, blood vessels
• binds muscularis to mucosa
• highly vascular
• portion of ENS that regulates movements and vasoconstriction
• innervates secretory cells in mucosa

Question 5

Where are Submucosal Plexus and Plexus of Meissner Located

Answer 5

submucosa

Question 6

Muscularis (2 components)

Answer 6

controls GI movement

1. Inner Circular
2. Longitudinal

Question 7

Location of Myenteric Plexus and Plexus of Auerbach

Answer 7

muscularis

Question 8

Serosa

Answer 8

• superficial layer
• serous membrane
• epithelial portion called visceral peritoneum

Question 9

Labial Frenulum

Answer 9

skin flap of upper lip

Question 10

Oral Vestibule

Answer 10

space between cheeks, lips, gums, teeth

Question 11

Fauces

Answer 11

opening at back of mouth

Question 12

Hard Palate

Answer 12

roof of mouth

Question 13

Soft Palate

Answer 13

muscle part of roof

Question 14

5 Peritoneal Folds

Answer 14

1. Greater Omentum
2. Falciform Ligament
3. Lesser Omentum
4. Mesentery
5. Mesocolon

Question 15

Greater Omentum

Answer 15

• largest
• “fatty apron”
• over transverse colon and coils small intestine

Question 16

Falciform Ligament

Answer 16

-attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

Question 17

Lesser Omentum

Answer 17

-suspends stomach and duodenum from liver

Question 18

Mesentery

Answer 18

binds jejunum and ilium to posterior abdominal wall

Question 19

Mesocolon

Answer 19

binds transverse colon and sigmoid colons to posterior abdominal wall

Question 20

3 Types of Salivary Glands

Answer 20

1. Stenson’s Parotid
2. Wharton’s Submandibular
3. Rivinus’ Sublingual Glands

Question 21

Salivary Amylase

Answer 21

-plays minor role in starch breakdown

Question 22

Lingual Lipase

Answer 22

secreted by lingual glands with mucus

Question 23

The stomach begins ___ and ____ digestion.

Answer 23

• proteins

- triglycerides

Question 24

Gastrin

Answer 24

hormone causing propulsion and retropulsion

Question 25

Pepsin

Answer 25

digests proteins

Question 26

Gastric Lipase

Answer 26

digests triglycerides

Question 27

Pancreatic Lipase

Answer 27

digests fat

Question 28

Cardia of Stomach

Answer 28

superior opening (entrance)

Question 29

Fundus of Stomach

Answer 29

storing

Question 30

Body of Stomach

Answer 30

mixing

Question 31

Pyloric Part

Answer 31

1. Pyloric Antrum (connects to body) 2. Pyloric Canal (leads to pylorus) 3. Pylorus (connects to duodenum)

Question 32

What two cells secrete gastric juice?

Answer 32

mucus neck, cheif

Question 33

Pancreatic Amylase

Answer 33

digests starch

Question 34

3 Protein Enzymes

Answer 34

1. trypsin 2. chymotrypsin 3. carboxypeptidase elastase

Question 35

Principal Triglyceride

Answer 35

- digesting enzyme | - including pancreatic lipase, ribonuclease, and deoxyribonuclease

Question 36

Function of Gallbladder

Answer 36

stores bile

Question 37

Function of Liver

Answer 37

- emulsification (break up large lipids) - absorption - bile storage - carb, lipid, protein metabolism - processes drugs and hormones - excretes bilirubin - synthesis of bile salts - stores vitamins - kuffer cells (phagocytes) - activates vitamin D

Question 38

Falciform Ligament

Answer 38

divides liver into two

Question 39

Quadrate and Caudate Lobes

Answer 39

left lobe

Question 40

Ligament Teres

Answer 40

round ligament

Question 41

Hepatocytes

Answer 41

continually produce bile

Question 42

Hepatic Sinusoids

Answer 42

highly permeable blood capillaries between hepatic laminae

Question 43

Intestinal Juices

Answer 43

clear, yellow fluid providing vehicle for absorption of substances from chyme

Question 44

Brush-Border Enzymes

Answer 44

- dextrinase, maltose, sucrase, lactase - peptidases - nucleosidases - phosphotases - segmentations - peristalsis

Question 45

Three Regions of Small Intestine

Answer 45

1. Duodenum (closest to stomach, smallest) 2. Jejunum (middle, medium) 3. Ileum (end, longest)

Question 46

Paneth Cells

Answer 46

secrete lysosome

Question 47

Mucosa of Small Intestine

Answer 47

- endocrine cells - S-Cells (hormone) - CCK Cells (cholecytokinin) - K-Cells (GIP) - Peyer's patches

Question 48

Submucosa of Small Intestine

Answer 48

duodenal (bronner's) glands secretes alkaline mucus

Question 49

Muscularis of Small Intestine

Answer 49

``` two layers of muscle outer thinner (longitudinal) inner thicker (circular) ```

Question 50

Haustral Churning

Answer 50

in large intestine, contraction and squeezing contents into next houstrum

Question 51

Peristalsis

Answer 51

slower wave of contraction

Question 52

Mass Peristalsis

Answer 52

occurs in transverse colon and stronger wave

Question 53

What contributes to odor and color of feces?

Answer 53

Odor- hydrogen sulfide | Color- Sterobilin

Question 54

The Large Intestine has 4 layers. The typical three and...

Answer 54

serosa