Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nursing Year One > Phys II- Endocrine II > Flashcards

Phys II- Endocrine II Flashcards

1
Q

Follicular Cells

A
  • functional unit of thyroid

- lumen filled with colloid (stores TH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe TH

A
  • T4 (thyroxine) or T3
  • made of tyrosine (made by body) and iodine (from diet), amine
  • lipophilic
  • tropic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

C Cells

A
  • secrete calcitonin

- peptide hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TH Synthesis (4 steps)

A
  1. thyroglobulin uses exocytosis to move from follicular cells to colloid)
  2. Iodine to colloid from blood via pump
  3. Iodine attaches to tyrosine
  4. iodinated tyrosine molecules couple up to form TH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TH Storage

A
  • in colloid until secretion

- usually enough for several months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TH Secretion

A
  1. follicular cells phagocytize thyroglobulin colloid

2. T3 and T4 are now free to diffuse across plasma mem into blood using plasma protein (thyroxine-binding globulin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is T3 or T4 more potent? How much?

A

T3 (4x)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is TH used?

A
  • target cells cleave iodine
  • liver/kidney
  • long term but slow acting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 Effects of TH

A
  1. Metabolic
  2. Permissive
  3. Developmental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metabolic Effects of TH

A
  • basal metabolic rate
  • stimulates Na/K+
  • heat generation
  • calorigenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Permissive Effects of TH

A
  • works w SNS
  • increase target cells responsiveness toE and NE
  • increase HR and force by increasing beta-adrenoreceptors on heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Developmental Effects of TH

A
  • normal NS development
  • essential for normal growth
  • stimulates release of GH
  • stimulates IGF-1 production
  • enhances effect of GH and IGF-1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Congenital Hypothyroidism

A
  • absence of TH in fetus

- poorly developed NS (compromised intellectual function)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the one condition resulting from hypothyroidism?

A

atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three conditions resulting from hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Hypertrophy
  2. Hyperplasia
  3. Goiter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A
  • primary failure of thyroid
  • secondary to deficiency of TRH, TSH or both
  • too much iodine in diet
  • low TSH in blood
  • high T4/T3 in blood
  • often caused by Graves (autoimmune)
  • often goiter present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cretinism

A

hyperthyroidism at birth causing CNS effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is Hyperthyroidism treated?

A
  • surgical removal
  • radioactive iodine
  • antithyroid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

A
  • weight loss
  • heat intolerance
  • increased appetite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypothyroidism

A
  • high TSH

- low T4 and T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

A
  • weight gain
  • cold sensitivity
  • fatigue
  • slow weak pulse
  • impaired mental function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment of Hypothyroidism

A
  • replacement therapy

- dietary iodine

23
Q

Myxedema

A
  • hypothyroidism in adults
  • edema
  • sugar related
24
Q

Goiters

A
  • over stimulated thyroid
  • mostly hypo but can be hyper
  • treat with exogenous TH or dietary Iodine
25
Grave's Disease
- improper TSI production - goiter - decreased TSH in blood
26
Adrenal Medulla
- inner | - E , NE
27
Adrenal Cortex
- outer | - steroid hormones (cholesterol)
28
Three Divisions of the Adrenal Cortex
1. Zona Glomerulosa 2. Zona Fasciculata 3. Zona Reticularis
29
Zona Glomerulosa
- outer | - aldosterone
30
Zona Fasciculata
- middle/largest - cortisol - DHEA
31
Zona Reticularis
- innermost - DHEA - cortisol
32
1. DHEA 2. Cortisol 3. Aldosterone Triggers...
1. albumin 2. corticosteroid-binding globulin 3. albumin
33
Three Adrenal Steroids
1. Mineralcorticoids 2. Gluticocorticoids 3. Sex Hormones
34
1. What are Mineralcorticoids? 2. What do they do? 3. What happens when they are lacking? 4. What stimulates their release?
1. - aldosterone 2. - influence NA+/K+ balance - action site on distal and collecting tubules of kidney - decreases Na+, - increases plasma K+ - lowers BP - independent of ant pit 3. - w/o aldosterone you die within 2 days from shock 4. - secretion increased by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
35
Hypersecretion of Mineralcorticoids
- adrenal tumor - chron's - inipropriate increased activity of renin-angio... (secondary hypersecretion) - excessive Na+ retention or K+ depletion - high BP
36
1. What are Gluticocorticoids? 2. What do they do? 3. How are they regulated?
1. - cortisol 2. - glucose, lipid&protein metabolism - stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis (glucose from non-carb) - inhibits glucose uptake - increase plasma glucose - stimulates protein degeneration (esp. in muscles) - lipolysis - adaptation to stress - anti-inflammatory - immunosupressive 3. - diurnal rhythm (increased when awake) - negative feedback (CRH, ACTH)
37
What organ does Gluticocorticoids not effec t?
brain
38
What can supplementary gluticocorticoids be used to treat?
1. inflammatory conditions | 2. transplants
39
Describe the Tropic Effects of Cortisol
- permissive - permit (E) to induce vasoconstriction - prevents circulatory shock in stress
40
Hyper-secretion of Cortisol
- overstimulation of adrenal cortex by CRH, ACTH | - tumors
41
Cushing's
- hyper-secretion of cortisol - buffalo hump - moon face - skinny arms and legs - thin/brittle skin - muscle weakness - immunosupressin - osteoperosis - striations - hyperglycemia - hypertension - adrenalectomy needed
42
Sex Hormones
- identical/similarf to gonad hormone s - DHEA - ACTH NOT FSH or LH - overpowered by testosterone - responsible for hair in women, growth spurt, and development/maintenance of sex drive
43
DHEA Hyper-Secretion
- Arenogenital Syndrome - male-like body hair - deepening of voice - muscular arms and legs - small breasts - no menstruation - cortisol insufficiency increases ACTH therefore DHEA - inhibits gonadotropins making women sterile - treated with glucorticoid therapy
44
DHEA Hyper-secretion in newborn females
- male external genetalia
45
DHEA Hyper-Secretion in Pre-Pubertal Males
- prepubertal males (pseudopuberty)
46
The Adrenal Medulla can be described as...
- modified SNS
47
Epinephrine
- fight or flight - helps SNS - maintenance of BP - increases blood glucose - increases blood fatty acids - gluconeogenesis (liver) - glycogenolysis (liver/ skeletal muscles) - inhibits insulin - increased glucagon secretion
48
Stress and Hormones
- coordinated by hypothalamus - activates SNS (and E) - activates CRH-ACTH-cortisol system - increase blood glucose and fatty acids - decreases insulin - increases glucagon - increases RAAS - increases vasopressin - no effect on BP or blood volume - ACTH helps with learning and behaviour
49
Anabolism
- build up/synthesis of larger macromolecules from smaller subunits - require ATP - excess stored for later
50
Catabolism
- breakdown of large energy rich molecules 1. hydrolysis of larger into smaller 2. oxidation of smaller to yield energy for ATP
51
Pancreatic Hormones (from Islets of Langerhans)
1. Beta- Cells - insulin 2. Alpha-Cells - glucagon 3. PP Cells - pancreatic polypeptide
52
Insulin
- anabolic - uptake of glucose (glycogen), fatty acids(triglycerides) , AA (proteins) - secretion increases in absorptive state - stimulated by blood glucose
53
Diabetes Mellitus
- increased blood glucose - glucose in urine - Type 1 (10%)- lack of secretion - Type 2 (90%)- reduced sensitivity in target cells, more insulin than normal
54
Polyuria
extra glucose not reabsorbed by nephron is secreted and water is secreted as well (osmotic diuresis), sweet urine

Nursing Year One (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions