Phx Fire Vol 2 (Deck 6) Flashcards
202.02C - 202.06
202.02C
Rescue
Do hose lines need to be placed in a specific manner during initial attack efforts to support rescue efforts?
All initial attack efforts must be directed toward supporting rescue efforts, and hose lines must be placed in a manner to control interior access, confine the fire, and protect avenues of escape.
Describe the utilization of secondary means of rescue in the context of search and rescue operations.
Such as aerial platforms and ladders, ground ladders, fire escapes, and helicopters, must be utilized in their order of effectiveness to remove victims whenever possible.
Describe the most urgent reason for calling additional alarms during a rescue operation.
To effectively manage the life safety potential.
Radio term ‘SEARCH & RESCUE.’
Used when assigning companies to a primary search.
How should the term ‘ALL CLEAR’ be used in the context of a rescue operation?
Only as a report when the primary search is completed.
202.04
Fire Control
Describe the Offensive Strategy.
Interior attack and related support aimed at quickly conducting a search for victims and bringing the fire under control.
Define the Defensive Strategy.
Exterior attack directed at first reducing fire extension and then bringing the fire under control.
How does the IC support the Offensive Strategy?
Aggressive interior attack, with whatever resource and action is required to reduce fire extension and bring the fire under control.
Basic offensive and defensive plans for structural fire control.
Establishing IRIC, conducting primary search, and evaluating success, and the basic defensive plan involving evaluating fire spread, prioritizing fire streams, and surrounding and drowning.
Factors that the Command must consider when determining the Strategy.
Fire extent, structural conditions, entry capability, ventilation profile, rescue profile of occupants, and resources profile.
Critical Command decision related to the Strategy?
Choosing between the Offensive & Defensive.
How does Vol 2 recommend stabilizing fire conditions in structural fire control?
Extending an aggressive, well-placed, and adequate offensive interior fire attack wherever possible.
Define the IRIC.
Intermediate Rapid Intervention Crew, to ensure the safety and rescue of FFs in distress.
202.04A
Large-Space Buildings Cold Smoke Fires
Risk management considerations for fire incidents in large-space buildings with fire sprinkler systems.
Expose firefighters to challenges and hazards, including dealing with cold smoke, controlling the advancement of interior companies, and focusing on incident organization, communication, accountability, hose line management, air management, and work cycles.
Define cold smoke in the context of fire incidents.
Smoke that has lost its velocity and flows calmly, lacking speed, turbulence, or energy, and is extremely dangerous.
Examples of large-space buildings?
Warehouses, distribution centers, shopping centers, data centers, churches, bowling alleys, gymnasiums, and public assembly occupancies.
Historical effectiveness of fire sprinkler systems in protecting life and property.
100-year history of protecting life and property from the destructive forces of fire, with civilian fire fatalities in sprinklered buildings being extremely rare.
Significance of a small amount of smoke in a large-space building.
Can indicate a significant fire.
Define the factors of storage configuration that can lead to rack storage collapse.
Height, type (e.g., rack storage, floor storage), and the impact of materials getting wet and heavier can lead to rack storage collapse.
How can truss construction in large open interior spaces lead to structural collapse in the event of a fire?
If fire is not contained by the fire sprinkler system.
Do pre-incident planning visits serve a critical purpose? If so, what is it?
Info gathered during these visits is used by Company and Command Officers during an actual incident.
Describe the potential hazards associated with warehouses storing rolled paper.
Significant hazard, as demonstrated by an incident in 1978 where 3 Canadian FFs were killed instantly during overhaul when 600-pound paper rolls became unstable and toppled over burying them.
Describe the unique factors to consider for different occupancy types in large-space buildings.
Office, retail, manufacturing, and warehouse have unique factors such as rack storage, specialized equipment, hazardous materials, and large storage areas.
What are some potential fire protection systems and features to consider in large-space buildings?
Automatic sprinkler systems, fire pumps, special protection systems (e.g., dry chemical, foam, carbon-dioxide), standpipes, fire alarm systems, smoke control systems, and water supply.
How can the roof construction impact ventilation in large-space buildings?
Including decking material and roof covering, can impact ventilation. Pre-incident planning should address how ventilation can be accomplished, including the presence and location of skylights and any manual or automatic vents.
What are some environmental factors to consider in large-space building fires?
Runoff from fire sprinklers or other suppression efforts contaminated with hazardous materials, the location of drainage and collection points, and potential exposures.
What should be entered into the CAD system during pre-incident planning?
Premises alerts for hazards like rolled paper, hazardous materials, rack storage, and other hazards should be entered into the CAD system when identified during pre-incident planning.
Maximum distance a fire company will enter any building for cold smoke fires?
150 feet without additional support mechanisms put in place by command.
Describe the approach to be taken for cold smoke fires in large-space buildings.
Similar to a hazardous materials incident, recognizing the hazards and managing risks.
How should the IC handle the decision-making process for switching to another plan in case of inability to find the fire?
Must be decisive and understand the dangers of interior companies operating in a hazardous position with limited air supply.
Role of ventilation in managing cold smoke fires.
Utilization of fans, vertical ventilation, opening skylights, using specialty building systems, and/or hydraulic ventilation with portable monitors.
What is the purpose of pumping the FDC in the context of large-space building cold smoke fires?
Major positive impact on the effectiveness of fire sprinklers by providing additional GPM and pressure.
How should the fire protection systems in large-space buildings be supported in the event of a fire pump failure?
Connecting to the FDC is a precaution in the event of a fire pump failure.
Responsibilities that all personnel within the incident organization must effectively manage for cold smoke fires.
Work cycles, accountability, air management, communication (radio management), hose line management, etc.
Examples of tactical positions that can severely affect the safety of operating companies according to the procedure?
Being in the direct flow path of the fire, working into wind-driven conditions, above the fire (floors/roof), where fire can move in behind or above them, and more.
How are violations of the fireground safety policy addressed?
Limited to administrative disciplinary action against Phoenix Fire Department (PFD) employees.
202.05
Fireground Safety
Risk management plan.
We may risk our lives a lot, in a calculated manner, to protect savable lives.
We may risk our lives a little, in a calculated manner, to protect savable property.
We will risk our lives at all for lives or property already lost.
How should operating positions be chosen when operating in a defensive strategy?
As far from the involved area as possible while still remaining effective, and personnel should position and operate from behind barriers if available.
Define the operational focus when operating in an offensive strategy.
Conduct a controlled aggressive attack, directing an effective, coordinated interior attack operation toward knocking down the fire.
What measures should be taken to limit the number of personnel on the fireground during firefighting operations?
Those assigned to a necessary function, and individuals or crews should be restricted from wandering about or congregating in non-functional groups.
Describe the approach to engaging personnel in exceptionally hazardous circumstances.
Command will limit the number of personnel exposed to an absolute minimum and assure that all feasible safety measures are taken, especially for rescue operations.
Recommended approach for operating in extremely hazardous situations such as flammable liquids or special ops.
Engage only an absolute minimum number of personnel within the hazard zone and utilize unmanned fire streams wherever possible.
How should crews coordinate their actions in situations where they must operate from opposing or conflicting positions?
Utilize radio or face-to-face communications to coordinate actions with the opposing crew and prevent needless injuries.
Define the procedure for operating ladder pipes in relation to ground crews and interior positions.
Notify and evacuate ground crews from interior positions before ladder pipes go into operation, and consider obtaining a PAR prior to.
Precaution regarding the operation of exterior master streams and hand line application?
Do not operate where interior crews are operating, and use caution with exterior hand line application to prevent injuries and structural collapse.
Recommended approach for laddering a roof and placing ladders near building corners or fire walls under fire conditions.
Select a ladder that extends 2’ - 3’ above the roof line to provide personnel with a visible means of egress, and place ladders near building corners or fire walls for increased stability in the event of structural failure.
Safety recommendation from the ROCC regarding personnel operating on a ladder/platform?
Personnel should be tethered to a ladder/platform anchorage point whenever the device is in motion or when off the ground, unless actively climbing or descending the ladder or entering or exiting the platform.
How should escape routes be established when operating above/below ground?
Establish at least two separate escape routes/means where possible, such as stairways, ladders, exits, preferably at opposite ends or diagonal corners of the building or separated by considerable distance.
Describe the Hot Zone.
Any area that is extremely hazardous, such as those involving flammable liquids, LP gas, or special ops or fire suppression activities.
Describe the Warm Zone.
Just outside the Hot Zone where FFs begin their operations, not at risk of becoming lost, trapped, or injured by the environment or structure.
Functions that could be performed in the Cold Zone?
Command, staging, support and staff personnel, canteen, rehab, and media operations.
How should FFs operate in the Hot Zone?
Work in crews of a minimum of 2 personnel, wearing appropriate PPE, with a radio on the correct tactical channel, and must have an assigned task or function, with an accountability system in place.
Describe the No-Entry Zone at an emergency incident.
No person is allowed to enter due to an imminent hazard, dangerous condition, or the need to protect evidence.
What are the colored hazard tapes used to identify control zones, according to NFPA 1521 guidance?
Hot Zone: Red
Warm Zone: Yellow
Cold Zone: Green
No-Entry Zone: Red and white diagonal-striped or chevron.
How does sectorization contribute to the safety of firefighting personnel?
Allows Sector Officers to communicate w/ and control the position & function of their companies.
Role of Company Officers in ensuring safety within their assigned sector.
Ensure that all crew members operate within their assigned sector, keep the Sector Officer informed of changing conditions, and address hazards specific to their sector.
What is the purpose of the Safety Secto?
Responsible for recognizing situations presenting hazards to fireground personnel and responding to safeguard personnel from those hazards.
Purpose of establishing a Safety Sector at incidents involving inordinate danger to personnel?
Provide appropriate additional safety oversight and advantage to the overall safety of operations.
Responsibility of Command in designating personnel to establish a Safety Sector when the need is indicated.
Any available personnel to establish a Safety Sector when the need is indicated. This should be a high priority assignment.
