Phx Fire Vol 2 (Deck 5) Flashcards
201.06 - 202.02B
Describe the 3-deep deployment model for managing resources in the Phoenix Regional Standard Operating Procedures.
Deploying resources as Working, On-Deck, and Recycle/Staged to manage the strategic and tactical needs of the incident or sector and provide a reserve of resources for addressing FF rescue.
Purpose of the greater alarm mechanism?
Used to quickly provide automatic move-ups and necessary support for additional resources and expanding incidents.
Define crisis management.
Situation that grows at a rate faster than the response rate, often leading to an out-of-control situation and inadequate resources to control it.
How should additional alarms be struck?
Sequentially, going from a 3 & 1 assignment to a 1st alarm, to a 2nd alarm, and so on, rather than requesting assistance in a piecemeal fashion.
Utilizing the tactical reserve of fire companies.
Deployed in appropriate forward positions to manage the strategic and tactical needs of the incident or sector and provide a reserve of resources for addressing firefighter rescue.
Purpose of calling for additional resources in a fire incident.
Necessary to effectively manage situations where the fire conditions become severe, the property protection demand exceeds initial capabilities, or when there is evidence of significant fire but companies are unable to determine location and extent.
Define sectorization in managing additional resources during a fire incident.
Expanding the incident organization to manage additional resources effectively. It is essential when encountering a big fire situation and calling for additional alarms to ensure effective management of the additional resources.
How does command anticipate the need for additional resources in a fire incident?
Forecasting potential resource depletion due to exhaustion, running out of certain resources, evidence of significant fire without clear location and extent, or when the commitment of companies is not effective.
Do all fire situations require the same approach when calling for additional resources?
No, some fire situations require a categorical call for additional alarms or upgrading an assignment upon knowledge of particular characteristics or conditions, while in other situations, command will initiate fire control activities, ask for reports, and strike more alarms based upon receipt of bad news.
Importance of fireground hunches?
Command should instinctively feel the need to summon additional resources and not disregard fireground hunches, as part of the 3 Deep Deployment Model.
Describe the scope of Vol 2 for air operations.
Covers various helicopter services for emergency medical transportation, rescue, aerial reconnaissance, firefighting, and transportation of personnel and equipment, involving multiple agencies and private services.
What are the agencies involved in the Phoenix Regional air operations for emergencies?
Air Evac Life Net, Mesa Police Department, Native Air, Phoenix Police Department, Sheriff’s Department, Arizona Army National Guard, Television Stations Channels 3, 5, 10, 12, 15, and Air Services International.
How should fire personnel handle helicopter ops?
Not fly with pilots or in aircraft that have not been approved and appropriately carded. If there are safety concerns, Command should stop the operation immediately.
Define the circumstances under which helicopter transportation should be considered for emergency medical transportation.
When time and distance affect ground transportation time, when ambulances are unavailable, or when patients are in locations inaccessible to ground units.
Do Med-Evac helicopters have limitations in carrying patients?
Yes, Med-Evac helicopters are capable of carrying only one Immediate patient. Additional helicopters should be requested for incidents involving multiple Immediate patients. They are not approved for Technical Rescue air operations.
Describe the procedure for DPS helicopter transportation of patients.
Capable of carrying one patient only. The pilots must be advised of a litter patient prior to taking off or landing so that the interior of the helicopter can be put in proper configuration to accommodate the patient.
Purpose of aerial reconnaissance in firefighting operations.
Assist Command in complex situations, such as brush firefighting, complex structural fires, high-rise fires, and hazmat fires, by tracking direction and distance of air contamination.
How are news station helicopters expected to behave during emergency incidents?
Avoid interference with ground operations, communicate on fire channels, and may be requested to provide assistance at incidents.
Role of helicopters in transportation of personnel and equipment during emergencies.
For urgent transportation of personnel and equipment to the scene of an emergency, especially when distance is a factor, and to transport personnel and equipment to high-rise buildings or across difficult terrain for firefighting purposes.
Available methods of brush firefighting using helicopters in the Phoenix region?
Phoenix PD: 2 Bambi Buckets for aerial water drops
Mesa PD: 1 Bambi Bucket
Phx FD: 4 buoy wall tanks
Mesa FD: 1 buoy wall tank.
Process of setting up and filling the buoy wall tank during air operations.
Engine company assigned to the landing zone sector assists the water tender driver in setting up the buoy wall tank in a large flat area clear of overhead obstructions. The tank is filled slowly from the bottom, with foam concentrate added when it is about one foot from the top.
Procedure for requesting contract helicopter services during fire operations?
Contract helicopter services are requested through the Phx FD, involving an hourly charge for service. One or more helicopters can be requested, with an engine company assigned to control the landing zone and lay supply lines for refilling belly tanks and providing fire protection.
How should crews approach and withdraw from a helicopter during refilling and re-arming of the belly tank?
Crews should approach the helicopter only after making eye contact with the pilot and should do so from the right side of the aircraft. They should approach and withdraw along the same path, to the front of the aircraft within 45°.
Role of helicopters in physical rescue operations during fire incidents.
Helicopters are particularly suited for physical rescue of persons stranded in inaccessible locations. They can be useful in removing the victim or placing rescue personnel in a position to reach the victim.
Responsibilities of the landing zone officer during helicopter operations?
Controlling the landing zone, signaling the pilot for take-off, and relaying all drop instructions and reporting the effectiveness of drops to the pilot. All personnel must remain clear of the drop zone.
Avg flying time per fuel load for contract helicopters during fire operations?
1-1/2 to two hours, and a refueling vehicle can be dispatched to the scene.
How should the buoy wall tank be set up during air operations?
The buoy wall tank must be set up in a large flat area clear of overhead obstructions, with one or two salvage covers placed on the ground to protect the bottom of the tank. It fills from the bottom only, and foam concentrate can be added when it is about one foot from the top.
Describe the types of operations considered as Special Use for helicopters.
- External load operations (slingloads, longlines, water bucket, etc.)
- Hover sites (low-level hovering)
- Helicopter rappelling (insertions and extractions)
- Flights conducted below 500 feet above ground level (AGL)
- Helicopter operations around a fire perimeter
- Single skid landings
- Any takeoff or landing requiring special pilot technique due to terrain, obstacles, or surface condition.
Responsibility of the Technical Rescue Sector officer during rescue operations involving Special Use of helicopters?
To establish and coordinate the rescue plan with the appropriate pilots and Fire Command.
How are rescue operations involving the Special Use of helicopters evaluated before initiation?
A risk benefit analysis will be completed by the TSO, Phoenix PD pilot, and Command to determine if the patient is in critical condition or if a life-threatening situation exists for the patient(s) or rescuers.
Define the requirement for helicopter load calculations during rescue operations involving the Special Use of helicopters.
Proper load calculations must be completed, and a load calculation form must be filled out and signed by the pilot and the Technical Rescue Sector officer or representative for both internal and external loads.
Describe the communication protocol for air-to-ground communications during helicopter ops.
Shall be used whenever possible to give landing instructions to approaching helicopters, and dispatch will coordinate the establishment of air-to-ground communications.
Procedure for helo comms when actively engaged in operations at the scene of an incident.
Assign all helicopter comms to a separate radio channel and designate a person to work exclusively with this channel. ‘Special Use’ operations require a designated radio channel that is clear of any other traffic.
Define ‘Firebird’ in the context of helicopter operations.
Designation for a helicopter operating under the direction of the Phx FD, including Phx PD helos.
How are National Guard helicopters instructed to receive landing instructions from fire department ground units?
No direct communications capability with fire department ground units, so landing instructions must be given by hand signals.
Do helos need to make contact with ground units before landing in the incident area?
Yes, helos will not land in the incident area without first making contact with ground units. If unable to make contact on an assigned channel, the arriving helo shall circle or hover in the vicinity until contact is established.
Procedure for directing helicopters to land when radio communication proves unfeasible.
Directed to land via hand or light signals when radio communication proves unfeasible. Landings shall not be made in proximity to the incident without positive contact (radios or hand signals).
Designation for the helicopter operating under the direction of the DPS?
Ranger 41, staffed with 1 DPS officer/pilot, 1 DPS officer/paramedic, and 1 Phx Fire paramedic, with capabilities for emergency medical transportation and aerial reconnaissance transportation of manpower and equipment.
What equipment and personnel are required for the selection and identification of a landing zone for helicopters?
Personnel assigned to the landing zone operation must have a portable radio, eye protection, ear protection, and high-visibility safety vests.
Requirements for the landing zone for each helicopter.
Must be relatively flat and free of obstructions for an area of at least 100’ x 100’ for each helicopter. All spectators, vehicle traffic, and animals must be kept a minimum of 200’ away from the landing zone. A 60’ x 60’ ‘touch down’ area shall be identified with appropriate visual markers in the center of the landing zone.
Characteristics of a ‘Special Use’ landing zone?
Any landing zone where the pilot cannot land and shut down power to the aircraft. They are technical by nature and shall be staffed by members of the TRT at both the base and off-site landing zones.
Define the safety factors to be considered for approach and departure paths for heavily loaded helos.
Into the wind, must be free of obstructions. For heavily loaded helicopters, the clear path should extend at least 100 yards in each direction.
How should the landing zone and surrounding area be prepared to ensure safety?
Free of small objects which can be blown around by rotor wash. Dusty locations should be avoided if possible, and if the landing area is dusty, it should be wet down with a hose line before landing.
What safety measures should be taken when a helicopter is on the ground?
A ‘tail guard’ shall be stationed 50 to 100 feet from the tail rotor to keep the area secured. At no time shall personnel pass behind the body of the helicopter and the tail rotor.
Describe the comms and safety measures to be maintained after the departure of the helo.
Radio contact and the landing zone shall be maintained for 2-3 minutes after departure of the helo in case an in-flight emergency is experienced and the helo needs to return to the landing zone.
Precautions to be taken to keep landing areas clear for helo ops.
Clear of loose articles that may ‘fly’ in the rotor down wash and provide wind indicators for take-off and landings.
Purpose of PPE for fire personnel and crew members during helo ops?
PPE provides protection to individuals in a hazardous environment.
How should tools be carried when loading items onto the helo?
Horizontally and below waist level, never upright or over the shoulder.
Surface selection options for helicopter landings.
Include concrete, asphalt, grass, compacted dirt, and dry, loose dirt/sand.
Requirements for flight helmets for fire personnel and crew members during helo operations?
Flight helmets must provide protection for the head, except for specific exceptions such as TRT helmets or helicopter headsets in certain situations.
Fire personnel and crew member requirements for gloves as part of their personal protective equipment (PPE) during helicopter operations?
Should be leather or Nomex and leather.
Describe the precautions to be taken when using spotlights to illuminate obstructions during helicopter operations.
Extreme caution should be used as the spotlights can blind the pilot. Only use spotlights to illuminate the bottom of poles and do not shine upward.
purpose of the Tail Guard in the landing zone?
To guard the sunning tail rotor at the LZ.
Purpose of helo hand signals in air operations.
Used to communicate with the pilot when verbal communication is not possible or practical, ensuring safe and efficient ground operations.
What are some common helo hand signals used in air operations?
Signals for takeoff, landing, moving forward, moving backward, hovering, and shutting down the engine, among others.
Purpose of a post incident review.
Thorough evaluation of various aspects of an incident, including response times, safety, firefighting, rescue, property conservation, loss control, and other customer service issues.
What are the areas identified for discussion in each post incident review?
Response times, RIC response, safety, firefighting, rescue, property conservation, loss control, and other customer service issues.
How is the safety component emphasized in the post incident review?
Reinforcing safety behaviors, assessing the current level of safety, identifying areas for safety improvement, and focusing on overall firefighter safety and survival.
Role of the BC or Company Officer in conducting a post incident review.
The BC or Company Officer can conduct a review after any incident, using a new form developed to assist in being thorough and consistent in the review, and forwarding the completed form to the Tactical Services Section for review, reporting, and training.
Tools recommended to be used in assisting a review of any incident?
The reverse side of the Tactical Worksheet and other review check sheets are recommended tools to use in assisting a review of any incident, along with visual references of the scene whenever possible.
Conclusion of the Post Incident Review.
Concluded on a positive note, and single company reviews conducted by Captains after an incident or training exercise can be used to chart a company’s improvement.
How can the post incident review assist in focusing on areas a company may need to improve?
Particularly in areas such as safety, and included in the procedure are check sheets to be used as tools in evaluating operational safety.
How are the effectiveness of operations evaluated in the post-incident review?
By describing the effectiveness of the operation and assessing the building/occupancy conditions on arrival.
201.08
Post Incident Review
Define offensive, defensive, and marginal operations in the context of the post-incident review.
Offensive: aggressive interior firefighting
Defensive: exterior firefighting
Marginal: in between.
What special considerations are included in the post-incident review?
Haz mat, rescue efforts, welfare efforts, and injuries.
Purpose of salvage/overhaul operations in the post-incident review.
Assess and describe the salvage and overhaul operations conducted after the fire control operations.
Describe the condition of the scene for the investigator/occupant in the post-incident review.
Description of the scene’s condition for the investigator and occupants, including any relevant details.
Describe the purpose of the E.M.S. EVALUATION FORM.
Document details of the incident, including treatment, transportation, and triage procedures.
Do you need to be a paramedic to fill out the E.M.S. INCIDENT EVALUATION FORM?
No, the form can be filled out by E.M.T.s, paramedics, or other designated personnel.
Define extrication procedures in the context of EMS incidents.
Extrication procedures involve the process of removing a patient from a vehicle or other confined space during an emergency.
How is triage performed in the context of EMS incidents?
To prioritize the treatment of multiple victims based on the severity of their injuries.
Significance of documenting differences from the Operational Manual in the E.M.S. INCIDENT EVALUATION FORM.
Helps identify areas for improvement and potential factors that contributed to the incident’s outcome.
