Phx Fire Vol 2 (Deck 10) Flashcards
202.17 - 202.20
1
Q
202.17
A
Aircraft Emergencies
2
Q
2 types of aircraft crashes.
A
- High Impact
- Low Impact
3
Q
Tactical benchmarks listed for any type of aircraft accident?
A
- First arriving unit assuming command and determining if the flight crew has initiated emergency evacuation procedures. 2. Assisting evacuation of passengers and/or providing them a path of egress.
- Deploying an attack line to the aircraft’s interior.
- Providing interior ventilation as soon as possible.
4
Q
How should personnel prevent an unnecessary evacuation in an aircraft emergency?
A
By immediately contacting the flight crew and reporting exterior conditions to them.
5
Q
Define the term ‘PPV.’
A
A ventilation method beneficial for providing interior ventilation inside the aircraft, but may not be initially expedient.
6
Q
Responsibilities outlined for on-airport and off-airport Fire personnel in the procedure?
A
Alarm terminology, airport alert response, airport staging areas, Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) standby locations, general aircraft fire fighting information, and communication requirements.
7
Q
What should be used to protect the aircraft fuselage from direct flame impingement during an emergency evacuation?
A
Master stream appliances (Stang Guns) utilizing fog patterns to provide quick water in large volumes to protect passengers during evacuation.
8
Q
Steps to be taken to gain access to the aircraft during an emergency.
A
Ladders at the aircraft at the wing or other accessible points. Some aircraft may require aerial ladders to reach access points.
9
Q
Importance of obtaining primary and secondary all clears during an aircraft emergency?
A
Never assume absence of survivors.
10
Q
Role of the PD in an aircraft emergency situation.
A
Secures the scene and provides a holding area to assist in the control of the ambulatory passengers.
11
Q
What sectors should be established as soon as possible during an aircraft emergency?
A
Fire and medical sectors as soon as possible. Designate sectors for both sides of the aircraft to protect the escape routes and manage the evacuated passengers. Assign sectors to address scene lighting, extrication, treatment, transportation and site safety.
12
Q
How can the risk of ignition/re-ignition of fuel be prevented during an aircraft emergency?
A
Maintain effective foam blanket.
13
Q
Recommended method for gaining access into the fuselage during an aircraft emergency.
A
To gain access into the fuselage, use the wing area or a platform ladder truck to work from. The optimum place to cut is around windows and roof area.
14
Q
What precautions should be taken when using saws for extrication or ventilation during an aircraft emergency?
A
If saws are used for extrication or ventilation, arcing and sparking will need to be suppressed with water/foam from hand lines. Maintain integrity of foam blanket on flammable liquids. Be aware that aircraft have numerous high pressure hydraulic lines that operate at 3000 psi; these can cause serious injury if cut or broken under pressure.
15
Q
Potential risks associated with large aircraft oxygen cylinders during.
A
Can explode, become missiles, and accelerate the spread of fire.
16
Q
Actions should be taken to protect personnel and exposures during an aircraft emergency involving large aircraft?
A
Adopt a defensive mode of operation as needed.
17
Q
How can the NTSB be notified during an aircraft emergency?
A
Request the Alarm Room to notify by contacting the Air Traffic Control Tower.
18
Q
What entities should be notified by the Alarm Room during an aircraft emergency?
A
Area hospitals, Salvation Army, Red Cross, County Emergency Disaster Coordinator, C.I.D. Team, and Sky Harbor Communication Center.
19
Q
What resources should be considered for off-airport responses during an aircraft emergency?
A
Consider requesting ARFF foam trucks, Medical Support 19, or Foam 34 or 54, and coordinate through BC19 or District 19 Chief for off-airport response.
20
Q
Radius for off-airport ARFF response from Sky Harbor during an aircraft emergency?
A
5 mile radius.
21
Q
Who should report to the Command Post during an aircraft emergency involving large aircraft?
A
An airline representative, the District 19 Chief, liaison Aviation Department, and any other agency that can assist with the incident should report to the Command Post.
22
Q
Purpose of the procedure for high piled outside combustible storage fires.
A
Guidelines for companies operating on fire incidents involving high piled outside combustible storage.
23
Q
202.18
A
High Piled Outside Combustible Storage Fires
24
Q
Tactical objectives in incidents involving high piled outside combustible storage fires?
A
- Firefighter Safety
- Exposure Protection
- Environmental Protection (including public health)
- Fire Control
25
How should the high piled incident be sized?
By forecasting how quickly the incident will escalate, identifying material burning and path of fire spread, looking at aerial photos, and considering initial single company sector for reconnaissance.
26
Risk Management System's role in the procedure for high piled outside combustible storage fires.
To determine and announce an appropriate strategy, likely defensive.
27
Critical factor in building and communicating the IAP according to the procedure?
Water supply is critical (pumped water/reversing off forward pumper, relay operations, drafting operations).
28
Standard decision-making model for high piled outside combustible storage incidents.
Identification of critical fireground factors, selection of the appropriate risk management plan, identification of strategy, development of an IAP, and identification and completion of the incident's tactical objectives.
29
Critical factors to consider when responding to high piled outside combustible storage incidents?
Incident location, type and amount of material burning, fire growth potential, exposures, water supply, fire apparatus access, hazards, environmental impact, and resources required for incident mitigation.
30
How should initial dispatch information for high piled outside combustible storage incidents be approached?
Assume that the information will change. It is necessary to approach these incidents slowly and cautiously, as they can evolve rapidly.
31
Importance of utilizing the same strategic decision-making model.
To ensure consistent and effective incident command system and FF safety management.
32
Unique challenges for service delivery and FF safety in high piled fires?
Can be as dangerous to firefighters as structural fire incidents.
33
Importance of familiarizing the crew with high piled outside combustible storage facilities.
Crucial for successful fire suppression operations, as it allows for easy access to information during response and aids in pre-incident planning.
34
Define the Risk Management System in the context of fire suppression operations.
Making hazard zone decisions based on calculated risk, prioritizing the rescue of savable lives and property, and ensuring the continuous reassessment of risk throughout the incident.
35
How does the Risk Management System improve the ICs ability to provide a safe environment?
More predictable, safe environment by ensuring proper PPE, an accountability system, safety procedures, and continuous risk assessment by all members.
36
Offensive and defensive strategy differences in the context of high piled fires?
offensive strategies aimed at rescuing victims are unlikely, while defensive operations to save property are more appropriate due to the rapid and extensive nature of these fires.
37
Importance of forecasting and strategy in the context of high piled fires.
Fire's growth is crucial, as it often leads to the adoption of a defensive strategy, and ICs must ensure all personnel are aware of the chosen strategy regardless of the approach.
38
Two types of IAPs for high piled outside combustible storage fires.
Offensive and defensive.
Offensive: quick aggressive rescue and fire attack.
Defensive: FF safety, identifying the main body of fire, and addressing exposures and environmental protection.
39
Tactical objectives for high piled fires?
FF safety, exposure protection, environmental protection (including public health), and fire control.
40
Offensive IAP for high piled fires.
Quick aggressive rescue, quick aggressive fire attack to stop the fire spread early, providing for FF safety, and a continuous water supply throughout.
41
How should ICs address environmental protection and public health in high piled fires?
Careful consideration to the material burning and the consequences of letting it burn vs. fire suppression with big water. Hazmat units and environmental specialists can assist with evaluation.
42
Unique hazards for high piled fires?
Rapid fire spread, toxic exposure, fatigue, heavy equipment, fire apparatus, and master streams.
43
Potential environmental threat posed by tire fires.
Volumes of pyrolytic oil, turning the tire pile into a running oil fire, and release volatile organic chemicals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and heavy metals, which can be absorbed through the skin, mucus membranes, or respiratory system.
44
202.18A
Tire Fires
45
Areas of consideration during pre-planning for tire fire suppression operations.
Site location, type of operation (salvage or recycling, managed or unmanaged), tire piles composition, size, available equipment, hazards, exposures, utilities, response conditions, geographical information, topography, and emergency contacts.
46
How does the success of a fire suppression operation for tire fires begin at the company level?
The Company Officer should familiarize the crew with all scrap tire piles in their area of response, gather information about the piles, and enter it into the CAD system.
47
Tire fires exposure hazards?
Smoke plume, water runoff, and soil, which can contain volatile organic chemicals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and heavy metals that can be absorbed through the skin, mucus membranes, or respiratory system.
48
Average amount of oil held by a passenger car tire and its significance in the context of tire fires.
2.5 gal of oil, which can be produced as pyrolytic oil when the tires reach a state of combustion, potentially turning the tire pile into a running oil fire.
49
Key components to consider during pre-planning for tire fire suppression operations?
Site location, type of operation, tire piles composition, size, available equipment, hazards, exposures, utilities, response conditions, geographical information, topography, and emergency contacts are key components to consider during pre-planning for tire fire suppression operations.
50
Recommended approach for handling major tire fires.
As hazardous materials incidents, with the incident taker obtaining all available information to determine the nature of the fire and dispatching a hazardous 3-1 if a tire pile is on fire.
51
3 stages of combustion that a Company Officer must determine upon arrival at a tire fire?
Incipient, free burning, and smoldering.
52
How should the threat to remaining tires be eliminated during the incipient stage of a tire fire?
Immediately separating the burning tire from the rest of the pile and/or applying water and foam.
53
Define the free burning stage of a tire fire and the potential risks associated with using water.
Quick fire spread, increased smoke and heat, and the potential for increased production of carbon monoxide and particulate matter if water is used, as well as the production of large quantities of oil.
54
Potential consequences of oil not consumed by the fire during the smoldering stage of a tire fire?
Leach into the soil, pool, and begin to flow under the pile, potentially igniting and resulting in a three-dimensional fire, while the products of incomplete combustion continue to pose a health hazard.
55
Initial size-up considerations for a Company Officer at a tire fire.
If the fire can be extinguished quickly without endangering personnel, with the most immediate concern being the life safety of FFs and the community, and approach the incident in accordance with tactics common to other potential haz mat incidents.
56
Using water during the free burning stage of a tire fire?
Caution against, as it could increase the production of harmful byproducts and the cooled tires may continue to pyrolize, producing large quantities of oil.
57
Minimum level of protection required for everyone working a tire fire?
Full turnout gear, including boots, turnout pants, turnout coat, gloves, helmet, Nomex hood, and SCBA with Mask.
58
How should personnel protect themselves from exposure to toxic chemicals after the tire fire is out?
They should resist the temptation to dress down for overhaul until the haz mat team has determined the appropriate level of protective clothing required.
59
Purpose of establishing a Lobby Sector in a tire fire.
Ensure personnel accountability, especially when multiple points of entry to the incident exist, and to establish geographic sectors and zones.
60
What should the IC establish for all personnel leaving the tire fire?
Decon Sector.
61
Potential hazards involved in managing a scrap tire fire.
Rodents, mosquitoes, snakes, spiders, and scorpions, as well as dangers from machinery and heavy equipment operating on the fire scene.
62
What sectors/branches may be established as the tire fire progresses?
Environmental, safety, PIO, and any other sectors/branches listed under 'Command Concerns.'
63
How should Command address public health concerns when managing a tire fire?
Determine early whether to evacuate the surrounding areas and establish an Evacuation Sector, managing the process according to the Evacuation Sector procedure.
64
Environmental impact considerations when managing a tire fire.
Size-up the potential environmental consequences of the fire, begin notifying the appropriate agencies, and address areas of concern such as public health and environmental impact.
65
What should be done to reduce contact with hazardous wildlife when managing a tire fire?
Wear PPE to reduce contact with rodents, mosquitoes, snakes, spiders, and scorpions.
66
Potential dangers of collapsing walls of tires during a tire fire.
Block escape routes or cut off water supplies, posing a danger to personnel and FF efforts.
67
How should the command address the difficulty of extinguishing tire fires?
Consider early evacuation of surrounding areas and involve the appropriate agencies to manage the incident.
68
Describe the 'burn it' option for fighting a tire fire.
Can reduce soil and water pollution, and clean-up costs. However, the fire service must manage and control the burn, protecting exposures and separating tires from the burn area.
69
Define the 'bury it' strategy for dealing with a tire fire.
Using materials high in calcium content to scrub sulfur from emissions, creating calcium sulfate or gypsum. It may be employed in areas with minimal water supply or densely populated areas to reduce toxic smoke for public health.
70
How does geological consideration play a role in the 'bury it' strategy for tire fires?
May delay the release of pyrolytic oil into underground water supplies, especially if the fire is on top of clay soils. Checking down gradient from the pile for contamination is necessary to determine the release of pyrolytic oil.
71
Describe the 'drown it' option for fighting a tire fire.
Using water to extinguish the tire fire. Suitable in certain situations, but it's important to consider the potential exacerbation of the emergency when adding water to fires or hazardous materials that react to water.
72
Drawbacks of the 'drown it' strategy for tire fires.
Increased toxic air emissions, excessive water run-off combined with pyrolytic oil, and the questionable effectiveness of working lines in reaching the interior spaces of a tire fire.
73
How can working lines be effectively used on chunk and chipped tires during a fire?
Fog application, but it's important to separate the inventory from the burn area to control and extinguish the materials.
74
Best use of foam in combating tire fires.
Employed on small tire fires or in the incipient stage, and it can be used prudently by pulling apart a larger tire pile with heavy machinery and applying foam as part of a predetermined strategy.
75
Unique challenges of clean-up and overhaul after a tire fire compared to traditional fires?
Handled by an environmental protection agency due to the high concentrations of contaminants and the hazards posed by flying ash and contaminated soil.
76
How should the 'drown it' strategy be employed for tire fires?
The 'drown it' strategy should be employed with forethought and careful pre-planning, considering the topography and exposure hazards to water sources, as it may not be the most effective approach for extinguishing tire fires.
77
Describe the potential duration and hazards of scrap tire fires.
Scrap tire fires can potentially last days, weeks, or months and are highly toxic and dangerous.
78
Concerns that Command must address regarding scrap tire fires?
Emergency operations, environmental impact, accountability, evacuation, safety, hazardous materials, air operations, decontamination, and more.
79
Role of the Emergency Ops Center in managing scrap tire fires.
Coordinating and managing the response to scrap tire fires, including various sectors such as lobby, resource, rehabilitation, public information, staging, welfare, and more.
80
How does the presence of scrap tire fires impact the Police Liaison's responsibilities?
Involved in addressing the concerns related to scrap tire fires, potentially coordinating with other sectors and agencies to ensure public safety and effective response.
81
Key sectors and agencies that need to be involved in managing scrap tire fires?
ADEQ (Arizona Department of Environmental Quality), water department, communications, mutual aid response, and code enforcement.
82
Purpose of the SOPs for Mulch/Compost Fires.
Guidelines for companies, as these incidents pose a unique challenge for fire companies.
83
202.18B
Mulch/Compost Fires
84
Best practice to extinguish mulch/compost fires?
Isolate the burning material by removing the surrounding uninvolved material, spread out the burning material, and then apply water to only that material.
85
How should initial companies approach mulch/compost fires?
Understand that these types of fires are going to be Defensive, and that standard quick, aggressive, offensive tactics will not work.
86
Questions during size up and when developing an IAP for mulch/compost fires?
Type and size of the fire, immediate exposures in danger, fire progression, wind direction, availability of heavy equipment and qualified operators, water supply options, and availability of additional resources and special equipment.
87
Steps to be taken if a mulch/compost fire has structural exposure.
Locating a site manager, securing water supply, assigning companies to protect exposures, developing an incident organization, applying water as needed, and requesting appropriate resources.
88
Actions to be taken if a mulch/compost fire has no structural exposure?
Locating a site manager, securing water supply, isolating burning material, assigning companies to key positions, developing an incident organization, and requesting appropriate resources.
89
Operational information provided for mulch/compost fires.
Common occurrence of fires in composting facilities, the causes of fires (internal combustion or external ignition), and the potential for deep-seated smoldering fires.
90
How are fires typically started in composting facilities?
Internal combustion caused by the breakdown of organic materials or external ignition such as lighting, sparks, smoking materials, and arson.
91
Types of fires that fire companies typically encounter in composting facilities?
Small surface fires, deep-seated smoldering fires, and fires caused by internal combustion or external ignition in composting facilities.
92
Describe the role of C99 within the Phx FD.
Housed at Fire Prevention , staffed by Deputy Fire Marshals who rotate on an A-B-C schedule to complement the Fire Ops schedule.
93
202.19
C99 Capability And Function
94
What types of incidents can C99 respond to?
Sprinkler/suppression/fire alarm/kitchen hood Ansul/CO2 activations or damage to these systems rendering them inoperable, spills/leaks/illegal dumping, and sick buildings.
95
How does C99 assist Fire Ops crews?
Remaining on the scene of certain incidents, allowing the crews to return to service. It then contacts the property owners and responsible parties to coordinate a resolution to the incident and legally transfer liability and risk back to the property owner or responsible party through documentation.
96
Responsibilities of C99 in the case of CO2 alarm activation.
Any CO2 alarm activation requires a C99 response. A false alarm or any leak will require an inspection of the entire system.
97
Do incidents involving frequent false alarms or malfunctions require C99 intervention?
Yes, when reported by Fire Ops, will be followed up and documented for correction.
98
Procedure for addressing access issues related to emergency response inhibitions or defects on gates, fences, fire doors, and Knox Boxes by Fire Operations.
C99 will discuss with the crew via phone to determine if the issue needs immediate attention or if Fire Prevention can follow up during business hours.
99
What actions does C99 take in response to overcrowding in a structure?
Verify the approved occupant load for the structure and ensure egress is accessible & limit entry until the occupant load is reduced to a safe number.
100
How does C99 handle situations involving damaged pool fences and pools without barriers or fences present?
If there is 18” of water or more in a pool with a damaged or missing pool fence, or in front yard pools without a barrier, can create a temporary barrier to prevent potential drowning. May also contact the Neighborhood Services Department for follow-up.
101
What triggers automatic dispatch of C99?
Overcrowding and CO2 alarms.
102
Purpose of the emergency access key usage and fire alarms SOPs.
Provide guidelines for using the high-security emergency access key and determining a course of action when dealing with activated fire alarms.
103
Define emergency access keys.
Allow access to buildings or equipment as required by the Fire Code.
104
What is a false alarm?
Any activation of an alarm system due to human, mechanical, lack of maintenance, negligent, or electrical error.
105
How should companies determine whether to utilize a key box for accessing a property during fire alarm indications?
Size up the situation and utilize the key box if present.
106
What actions should be taken if no visible emergency exists during a fire alarm response?
Alarm Room verify with the alarm company that a responsible party has been contacted and is responding.
107
Do fire companies have the authority to force entry into a building if a key box or functional keys are not provided?
Determine if forcible entry is necessary based on size up, and decisions are made on a case-by-case basis.
108
Procedure for the first arriving unit when responding to a fire alarm.
Size up to determine if a visible emergency exists, and if so, take appropriate actions for the type of occupancy involved.
109
202.19A
Emergency Key Access Usage & Fire Alarms
110
Procedure for silencing the Fire Alarm Control Panel during an investigation.
Can be silenced if a switch exists, but the panel reset button should not be pushed.
111
What should be done if water, smoke, or flames are found during the investigation of a fire alarm activation?
Take appropriate action for the occupancy involved.
112
Process for handling false alarms in the FIR system.
Should be recorded in the FIR system and categorized into specific incident types for appropriate billing and follow-up.
113
How should fire companies handle situations where the emergency contact person is not responding or has an extended ETA?
Reset the system and go back in service, while the company officer should relay the alarm conditions to the building occupants if present.
114
Do fire companies need to contact C99 via the Alarm Room in case of fire protection system activation?
Yes, fire companies need to contact C99 via the Alarm Room in case of fire protection system activation, such as a fire sprinkler flowing water in the building.
115
Describe how smoke detector activation is typically indicated.
Constantly illuminated L.E.D. or, in some cases, by a rapidly flashing L.E.D.
116
Typical indication of heat (thermal) detector activation?
No visible means of determining if they are activated.
117
How can you determine if a pull station is activated?
Typically have the activation lever pulled down or out, and some devices with glass rods will have the broken rod lying on the floor beneath the pull station.
118
Purpose of the MID RISE OPERATIONS policy.
Outline the unique operational considerations for mid-rise structures and occupancies during fire operations, emphasizing the need for specific operational attention and preplanning.
119
202.20
Mid Rise Operations
120
Definition of a mid-rise?
Anything below 75’ in height and greater than 3 stories.
121
How does the MID RISE OPERATIONS policy emphasize the importance of preplanning?
Critical nature of preplanning due to the broad spectrum of construction practices, size, and configurations, emphasizing the need to expect the unexpected.
122
Scope of the MID RISE OPERATIONS policy in terms of legal duty and civil liability.
For internal use only and does not expand an employee’s legal duty or civil liability, and it should not be construed as creating a duty to act or a higher duty of care with respect to third party civil claims against employees.
123
Specific operational considerations for mid-rise structures and occupancies?
Construction materials and building practices, interior layout, fire protection systems, and building systems, which require specific operational attention for initial arriving companies in locating the fire, attacking the fire, and protecting and/or removing endangered occupants.
124
Importance of preplanned information and a thorough size-up for fires in mid-rise buildings.
Critical for early success in mid-rise fires, impacting fire attack, rescue operations, and FF safety. Early recognition of fireground factors and appropriate action are fundamental.
125
Define the critical factors for mid-rise structures in terms of life safety.
High density occupancy, rapid evaluation of removing fire from victims, rescues from exterior positions, and potential high population density in rooftop common spaces.
126
How do fire and smoke conditions in mid-rise structures differ from other building types?
May not show external signs of a serious fire, have limited ventilation due to tightly sealed buildings, and can experience wind-driven conditions above ground level.
127
Do mid-rise structures typically have centralized entrances for access to the entire building?
No, mid-rise structures do not typically have lobby-level, centralized entrances that provide access to the entire structure.
128
Describe the process of size-up in mid-rise structures.
Standard size-up questions and then recognize the unique challenges presented at each individual incident, including life safety, fire and smoke conditions, and access.
129
Potential challenges of wet standpipe systems in mid-rise buildings.
May have inadequate water volume and pressure to mount an effective fire attack.
130
Common features of security systems in mid-rise buildings?
Can have multi-layered approaches requiring keys or a key fob for access from the exterior and then onto individual floors and units.
131
How are residential mid-rise occupancies typically laid out?
Interior hallway layout with independent units on both sides of the hallways.
132
Construction types commonly found in mid-rise buildings.
Many different construction types, including modern residential mid-rise occupancies that combine masonry and concrete in the lower level and wood framed construction in the upper levels.
133
Range of roof types in modern residential mid-rise occupancies.
Multiple roof types depending on the construction methods.
134
Size range of residential mid-rise units.
Small (< 1,000 square feet) to very large (> 3,000 square feet).
135
How can the overall building size impact operations in mid-rise occupancies?
Large impact on operations as well as the large number of occupants.
136
Do modern mid-rise buildings resist exterior/interior air exchange, and why?
sealed tightly and resist exterior/interior air exchange to improve energy efficiency for cooling.
137
Potential resources needed for mid-rise fire scenarios.
Dependent on the smoke and fire conditions and the life safety potential, a rapid determination of the required resources is necessary.What strategic level considerations are important for mid-rise fire scenarios?
138
Strategic level considerations are important for mid-rise fire scenarios?
Better the decision making and initial actions at mid-rise fires from the beginning, the more likely of the most positive outcome.
139
Importance of locating the fire as early as possible in mid-rise fire scenarios.
Allows for the most effective fire attack and rescue operations.
140
Importance of clear functional or positional sector assignments in mid-rise operations.
Improve work outcomes and the safety of FFs working in mid-rise operations.
141
Critical considerations for exterior rescues in mid-rise operations?
Apparatus placement, access for multiple ladder companies, and access points for fire attack if interior access is delayed are critical considerations for exterior rescues in mid-rise operations.
142
How should exterior aerial apparatus be utilized in mid-rise operations if an interior attack is delayed or unsafe?
Standpipe operations, effective water supply, appropriate hose and nozzle selection, and safe operations with hose stretch distances and SCBA air consumption.
143
Critical positions that must be considered in mid-rise operations.
exterior rescue, fire floor(s) monitoring, coordination with fire attack and search teams, determination of fire occupancy and structural involvement, and coordination of effective fire attack with appropriate water volumes.
144
Considerations for mid-rise operations on floor(s) above during a fire incident.
Determining rescue profile, fire extension, structural involvement, wind-driven conditions, evacuation stairwell monitoring, water supply monitoring, establishing safe refuge, resource determination, and conducting large area targeted search.
145
Secondary tactical positions to support initial fire attack and rescue efforts in a mid-rise operation?
Triage, extrication, treatment, transportation, ventilation, building systems, and occupant services.
146
Define effective tactical level (sector) management in the context of mid-rise operations during a fire incident?
Balancing decisive action to extinguish the fire, protect life safety, and manage the safety and welfare of operating crews, including clear plans for fire attack, victim removal/protection, and support from other positions.
147
Key considerations for sector management in mid-rise operations during a fire incident?
Establishing effective fire attack with adequate water, removing/protecting victims, and supporting these actions from other positions.
148
Responsibilities of a Sector Officer in mid-rise firefighting operations.
Developing plans for exterior rescue, fire extinguishment, managing rescue and protection, investigating fire extension, establishing and maintaining access and water supply, coordinating with other Sector Officers, managing unit positions, and ensuring accountability.
149
How should sector management be conducted in mid-rise firefighting operations?
Position outside of smoke and fire conditions to effectively manage work and communications, as officers operating in smoke and heat conditions may struggle to manage their own accountability and air consumption.
150
Task level considerations in mid-rise firefighting operations.
Sound decision making, fundamental task completion, and effective air management. They include assessing fire and smoke conditions, flow path conditions, wind-driven conditions, and critical areas requiring search simultaneously with fire attack.
151
Expectation regarding the interior operation of fire companies in mid-rise firefighting?
No fire company should operate on the interior of any structure beyond their ability to retreat to an area of safe refuge prior to their low air alarm going off.
152
Importance of hose stretches in mid-rise firefighting operations.
More than 150 feet may be required in some building layouts, and a clear assessment of the required action and position in the risk management plan is critical in such cases.
153
Fundamental tasks involved in mid-rise operations.
Standpipe pumping operations, forceable entry, targeted search in dangerous areas, effective hose line advancement, horizontal ventilation, and pressurization of stairwells with PPV fans.
154
Critical safety considerations for mid-rise structures during firefighting operations?
Due to up to 6 stories of combustible building material, fire travel in void spaces, structural integrity under fire conditions, and interior layouts requiring hose stretches greater than 150 feet.
155
How should FFs manage air during mid-rise operations?
Utilize SCBA air when necessary, assess the effort required to complete tasks, plan for an exit of the contaminated hazard zone prior to low air alarm sounding, and communicate air status with the Captain at regular intervals.
156
Best action for potential victims and FF safety during a mid-rise fire.
Extinguish the fire as quickly as possible in its smallest state to protect savable victims and decrease the likelihood of structural involvement and fire extension to other compartments.
157
Effective air management practices during mid-rise operations?
Utilizing SCBA air when necessary, planning for bottle change-out inside the building in an area of safe refuge, and communicating air status with the Captain at regular intervals.
158
Special consideration that must be taken for structural integrity when operating in an Offensive Strategy.
Integrity of floor surfaces and floor joists separating floors, as any fire involvement in these spaces can create localized failure and opportunities for falls through the floor.
159
Requirement for sprinklers in the floor joist space based on the design of the joists/trusses in a mid-rise building.
The fire code requires sprinklers in the floor joist space when the joists/trusses are of open web design, but does not require sprinklers in these spaces when the joists/trusses are solid, such as TJI joists.
160
How does fire spread into the structural members of a wood framed mid-rise building impact its overall structural stability?
The loss of key structural members due to fire damage.
161
Do complex interior layouts with long interior hallways pose any challenges for fire operations in a mid-rise building?
Yes, challenges for hose stretches of greater than 150 feet and effective air management, requiring special consideration for fire attack and the ability to manage adequate SCBA air while executing fire control and an all clear.
162
Challenges that FFs may face with fire radio comms in mid-rise buildings.
Depending on the location of crews working on the interior as well as the building's structure.
