Photosynthesis

Question 1

Energy is the ability to do what?

Answer 1

work

Question 2

Can energy be stored inside a chemical bond?

Answer 2

yes. All living things store energy inside compounds.

Question 3

Name an example of a compound that stores energy?

Answer 3

ATP. Adenine - ribose - 3 phosphate groups

Question 4

When energy is released in ATP, which bonds break apart: the adenine or the phosphate groups?

Answer 4

phosphate groups

Question 5

Give 3 ways cells use ATP?

Answer 5

1. active transport, 2. helps cells move, 3. protein making

Question 6

Do cells have a lot or just a little ATP in each cell?

Answer 6

Just a little….cells are not big enough tho hold huge amount. Their like little tummies that are always hungry

Question 7

Do cells produce ATP constantly or infrequently?

Answer 7

Constantly. The little tummies in cells need food all the time.

Question 8

Where does all energy come from?

Answer 8

the sun

Question 9

“light” + “coming together” =

Answer 9

photo-synthesis

Question 10

Are pigments colors or compounds?

Answer 10

compounds

Question 11

what’s the function of pigments?

Answer 11

they’re compounds that can absorb light

Question 12

what pigment light absorbing compound is important in photosynthesis?

Answer 12

chlorophyl

Question 13

What regions of the light spectrum do chlorophyl absorb and what don’t they absorb?

Answer 13

absorb blue violet and reds. They don’t absorb green, they reflect it.

Question 14

Inside what organelle does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 14

chloroplasts

Question 15

The chloroplast has its own organelles. Name the sac-like pieces inside it and what do these organelles do?

Answer 15

Thylakoids. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. They convert light energy into highly efficient electrons that make ATP.

Question 16

What is the cytoplasmic fluid called inside the chloroplast?

Answer 16

Stroma. It is situated outside the thylakoid but inside the chloroplast’s cell membrane.

Question 17

How can chlorophyl collect light for energy and our bodies can’t?

Answer 17

it can make electrons full of energy from light without any waste (no leaks of energy).

Question 18

What keeps the energy from leaking out when light is converted to electrons in chloroplasts/plants?

Answer 18

A very special electron carrier seals the energy. Its called NADP and NADP(H)

Question 19

photosyntheses uses energy to convert what 2 reactants into what 2 products?

Answer 19

water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen.

Question 20

What 2 steps are involved in turning reactants into products?

Answer 20

light dependent reactions and light independent reactions.

Question 21

Where do light dependent reactions take place?

Answer 21

thylakoids.

Question 22

What 2 outcomes occur in light dependent reactions?

Answer 22

1. light is used to make Energy ….ATP (via highly reactive electrons and NADP).
2. water is converted into energy…..that makes hydrogen for NADP(H) + oxygen (which is released back into the atmosphere).

Question 23

Where do light independent reactions occur?

Answer 23

Stroma.

Question 24

What is the main outcome in light independent reactions?

Answer 24

sugar and carbon dioxide are produced.

Question 25

Chloroplasts have 2 membranes but what else inside the chloroplast has a membrane?

Answer 25

thylakoids

Question 26

light dependent reactions turn NADP into?

Answer 26

NADPH + oxygen

Question 27

light dependent reactions turn ADP into

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

How do pigment compounds (chlorophyl) absorb light?

Answer 28

they have special proteins that absorb the light

Question 29

Where are the special proteins that absorb light in chlorophyl found?

Answer 29

in the thylakoid membrane.

Question 30

There are 2 stages in photosynthesis. what are these stages called?

Answer 30

1. photosystem II and then 2. photosystem I.

Question 31

What 2 outcomes occur in photosystem II?

Answer 31

l. light excites the H+ ions to form. 2. these electrons go to the NADP.

Question 32

What 2 outcomes occurs in photosystem I?

Answer 32

1. . NADP becomes NADPH. 2. ADP becomes ATP.

Question 33

What is the ATP synthase?

Answer 33

Its a group of proteins in the thylakoid’s membrane.

Question 34

What does ATP synthase do?

Answer 34

It churns the ADP into ATP by spinning. The spin is due to a charge difference caused by there being more H+ ions inside the thylakoid walls and less ions outside the wall.

Question 35

What do light independent reactions produce?

Answer 35

sugar

Question 36

What is another name for light independent reactions?

Answer 36

Calvin Cylcle

Question 37

Light stimulates the production of H+ ions in dependent reactions. What stimulates the Calvin cycle?

Answer 37

carbon dioxide

Question 38

What do enzymes in the stroma do?

Answer 38

create sugar in the dependent reaction. First, they convert carbon dioxide into several 3 carbon molecules. Second, some of these 3 carbon molecules combine with ATP to create sugar, lipids, amino acids.

Question 39

The products of light dependent reactions are what 3 things?

Answer 39

1. H+ ions, 2. ATP and 3. NADPH

Question 40

The products of light independent reactions are what three products?

Answer 40

1. sugar, 2. lipids, 3. amino acids

Question 41

What are 3 factors that effect photosynthesis?

Answer 41

1. temperature, 2. light, 3. water

Question 42

How do conifers and desert plants deal with lack of water

Answer 42

1. waxy exterior on leaves to reduce water loss. 2. leaves may close during the day.

Question 43

name 2 types of plants that don’t need to slow down photosynthesis in droughts?

Answer 43

C4 plants (corn) and Cam plants

Question 44

Why don’t Cam and C4 plants need to slow down photosynthesis in droughts?

Answer 44

They have bio chemical alterations. C4 plants produce 4 carbon molecules in the dependent cycle. Cam plants open their leaves at night to catch CO2 and H2O but catch the light for photosynthesis in the day.