Photosynthesis Flashcards
Energy is the ability to do what?
work
Can energy be stored inside a chemical bond?
yes. All living things store energy inside compounds.
Name an example of a compound that stores energy?
ATP. Adenine - ribose - 3 phosphate groups
When energy is released in ATP, which bonds break apart: the adenine or the phosphate groups?
phosphate groups
Give 3 ways cells use ATP?
- active transport, 2. helps cells move, 3. protein making
Do cells have a lot or just a little ATP in each cell?
Just a little….cells are not big enough tho hold huge amount. Their like little tummies that are always hungry
Do cells produce ATP constantly or infrequently?
Constantly. The little tummies in cells need food all the time.
Where does all energy come from?
the sun
“light” + “coming together” =
photo-synthesis
Are pigments colors or compounds?
compounds
what’s the function of pigments?
they’re compounds that can absorb light
what pigment light absorbing compound is important in photosynthesis?
chlorophyl
What regions of the light spectrum do chlorophyl absorb and what don’t they absorb?
absorb blue violet and reds. They don’t absorb green, they reflect it.
Inside what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplasts
The chloroplast has its own organelles. Name the sac-like pieces inside it and what do these organelles do?
Thylakoids. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. They convert light energy into highly efficient electrons that make ATP.
What is the cytoplasmic fluid called inside the chloroplast?
Stroma. It is situated outside the thylakoid but inside the chloroplast’s cell membrane.
How can chlorophyl collect light for energy and our bodies can’t?
it can make electrons full of energy from light without any waste (no leaks of energy).
What keeps the energy from leaking out when light is converted to electrons in chloroplasts/plants?
A very special electron carrier seals the energy. Its called NADP and NADP(H)
photosyntheses uses energy to convert what 2 reactants into what 2 products?
water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen.
What 2 steps are involved in turning reactants into products?
light dependent reactions and light independent reactions.
Where do light dependent reactions take place?
thylakoids.
What 2 outcomes occur in light dependent reactions?
- light is used to make Energy ….ATP (via highly reactive electrons and NADP).
- water is converted into energy…..that makes hydrogen for NADP(H) + oxygen (which is released back into the atmosphere).
Where do light independent reactions occur?
Stroma.
What is the main outcome in light independent reactions?
sugar and carbon dioxide are produced.
Chloroplasts have 2 membranes but what else inside the chloroplast has a membrane?
thylakoids
light dependent reactions turn NADP into?
NADPH + oxygen
light dependent reactions turn ADP into
ATP
How do pigment compounds (chlorophyl) absorb light?
they have special proteins that absorb the light
Where are the special proteins that absorb light in chlorophyl found?
in the thylakoid membrane.
There are 2 stages in photosynthesis. what are these stages called?
- photosystem II and then 2. photosystem I.
What 2 outcomes occur in photosystem II?
l. light excites the H+ ions to form. 2. these electrons go to the NADP.
What 2 outcomes occurs in photosystem I?
- . NADP becomes NADPH. 2. ADP becomes ATP.
What is the ATP synthase?
Its a group of proteins in the thylakoid’s membrane.
What does ATP synthase do?
It churns the ADP into ATP by spinning. The spin is due to a charge difference caused by there being more H+ ions inside the thylakoid walls and less ions outside the wall.
What do light independent reactions produce?
sugar
What is another name for light independent reactions?
Calvin Cylcle
Light stimulates the production of H+ ions in dependent reactions. What stimulates the Calvin cycle?
carbon dioxide
What do enzymes in the stroma do?
create sugar in the dependent reaction. First, they convert carbon dioxide into several 3 carbon molecules. Second, some of these 3 carbon molecules combine with ATP to create sugar, lipids, amino acids.
The products of light dependent reactions are what 3 things?
- H+ ions, 2. ATP and 3. NADPH
The products of light independent reactions are what three products?
- sugar, 2. lipids, 3. amino acids
What are 3 factors that effect photosynthesis?
- temperature, 2. light, 3. water
How do conifers and desert plants deal with lack of water
- waxy exterior on leaves to reduce water loss. 2. leaves may close during the day.
name 2 types of plants that don’t need to slow down photosynthesis in droughts?
C4 plants (corn) and Cam plants
Why don’t Cam and C4 plants need to slow down photosynthesis in droughts?
They have bio chemical alterations. C4 plants produce 4 carbon molecules in the dependent cycle. Cam plants open their leaves at night to catch CO2 and H2O but catch the light for photosynthesis in the day.
