karyotypes and pedagrees Flashcards
What is a genome?
Full set of genetic information that an organism carries through its DNA.
What do you look at in a genome to analyze it?
You look at the chromosomes found in the nuclei.
What is a karyotype?
The image of the diploid set of chromosomes in pairs?
What does the karyotype of a human cell look like?
23 pairs, 46 chromosomes total
Why do chromosomes come in pairs?
You get one chromosome from each parent creating 23 diploids.
How many set chromosomes in a human genome determine the sex?
1 set
Why is 1 set different?
The egg carries a full chromosome and the sperm carries half, but the sperm might carry a full chromosome.
What are autosomes?
They are the other 44 chromosomes excluding the sex chromosomes
Why has the study in human genetics progressed recently?
Molecular Biology
What are 3 patterns of inheritance on human genes?
Simple Dominance, Co-Dominance, Sex Linkage
What is an example of simple dominance inheritance in humans?
Gene on chromosome 16 known as MC1R. It shows how the phenotype hair color is expressed. Positive and negative blood types are also an example.
What is an example of co-dominance in humans?
ABO blood type. If a human has both AB and O genes, then they can co-dominate
What is an example of sex-linked inheritance?
Any gene that’s expressed on the sex chromosome such as when a gene like on the y chromosome that transfers from father to son
What is barr body?
When one of the regions in the sex chromosome isn’t activate. They don’t need all the information on both sex chromosomes. The inactivated region of the sex chromosome is barr body
Why do female cats have more fur than males?
The gene for fur is on x chromosome.
