Darwin

Question 1

What 3 things Charles Darwin contribute to science?

Answer 1

1. He developed the theory of biological evolution that explained unity.
2. He developed the theory of biological evolution that explained
3. Diversity in organisms and the evolution from common ancestors.

Question 2

What 3 patterns of diversity did Darwin focus on?

Answer 2

1. How they varied globally
2. How they varied locally
3. How they varied over time

Question 3

What did Darwin observe globally about a species variation?

Answer 3

He noticed that different organisms from similar ecological environments in different continents had similar habits

Question 4

What did Darwin observe about species that varied locally?

Answer 4

He noticed that similar species in the same local area would inhabit different habitats.

Question 5

What did Darwin notice about how species vary over time?

Answer 5

He noticed that fossils, although they might be extinct species, they looked similar to some of the non-extinct species.

Question 6

What did Hutton and Lyle conclude about Earth’s history?

Answer 6

They concluded that Earth is extremely old, older than 1000 years and that the same processes that changed the earth in the past will happen in the present for the same reasons.

Question 7

What type of scientists would rely on Hutton?

Answer 7

Geologists

Question 8

What is uniformitarianism?

Answer 8

It’s the belief that geological processes are the same that shaped the earth millions of years ago.

Question 9

Who explained the transformation of rocks?

Answer 9

Hutton

Question 10

How did Lamarck species evolve?

Answer 10

He said that an individual’s organism could change during their own lifetime by using their body parts in specific ways.

Question 11

What is an example of how species could change overtime by using specific body parts?

Answer 11

The brain of a human got bigger because we found ways to communicate with each other.

Question 12

How did Malthus explain population growth?

Answer 12

He said that too much population growth would create a population that nature could not support and everyone would die.

Question 13

How is inherited variation used in artificial selection?

Answer 13

Nature provides the inherited variations and humans select those variants that they find useful.

Question 14

What is artificial selection?

Answer 14

When we breed animals and plants and they start breeding on their own in greater amounts.

Question 15

What did Darwin mean by “struggle for existence?”

Answer 15

The different species will compete for the finite number of resources in their environment.

Question 16

What is adaptation?

Answer 16

The inherited characteristic that increases a species chance for survival in it’s environment. (Big Claws, Fast legs, big brain)

Question 17

3 types of adaptation?

Answer 17

Camouflaging, bright colors on a bird, brain.

Question 18

What is the definition of fitness?

Answer 18

It’s how well can an organism survive and reproduce in it’s environment.

Question 19

What is natural selection?

Answer 19

Process by which organisms in nature with variations most suited to their local environment survive and have more offspring.

Question 20

Which is more fit? A species of natural selection or artificial selection?

Answer 20

Natural selection. This is because the species earned it’s position without any help and really belongs in its environment

Question 21

Under what conditions does natural selection occur?

Answer 21

It occurs in any situation where more individuals can be born and survive via reproduction and fitness.

Question 22

Does natural selection make an organism better?

Answer 22

No, because their not perfect. This can lead to a great diversity of adaptations and species.

Question 23

What does evolutionary theory suggest about the unity and diversity of life?

Answer 23

Unity: We all derive from a common ancestor.
Diversity: We’re all different because we adapted to different environments through natural selection.

Question 24

What is biogeography?

Answer 24

It is where organisms live now and where other organisms live in the past.

Question 25

How do fossils help document the descendants of modern species?

Answer 25

The structural anatomy of the fossils give a lot of information on who we are related to.

Question 26

What are homologous structures?

Answer 26

Structures where it’s different species with similar structures. (Wings, tails, vertebrae)

Question 27

What do homologous structures, in similarity and development, suggest about the process of evolutionary change?

Answer 27

It asks that even though we have a common ancestor why are we different. It also tells us how far back we were when we separated from a common ancestor.

Question 28

What are some homologous structures in a plant?

Answer 28

Stems, roots, leaves, flowers

Question 29

Does homologous look at structure or function?

Answer 29

Just structure

Question 30

What is vestigial structure?

Answer 30

They’re structures that no longer have any function. Ex: The tailbone on humans.

Question 31

What are analogous structures?

Answer 31

Body parts that serve similar functions but don’t share same structure. Ex: Wing on bee and wing on bird.

Question 32

How can molecular biology be used to trace the process of evolution?

Answer 32

By studying genetic code, we can study the similarities that are inherited between species.