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Biology > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 types of microscopes used to view cells?

A

light and electron

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2
Q

which microscope uses color? why?

A

light - to differentiate parts of a cell.

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3
Q

How small of an object can light microscope see?

A

1 millionth of a meter (can see mitochondria). Electron microscope can see 1 billionth of a meter (can see DNA)

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4
Q

Which microscope has better resolution? Why?

A

electron. light bend in a light microscope but not electron.

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5
Q

Which microscope can view living things?

A

only light

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6
Q

How are microscopes different today from the 1800’s?

A

They use a beam of light to produce magnified images.

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7
Q

What are the 3 parts to cell theory?

A
  1. all living things are made of cells. 2. New cells come from existing cells. 3. Cells are the basic structure and function in the living.
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8
Q

Who first said all plants are made from living cells/animals?

A

Schleiden and Schwann (animals)

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9
Q

Who stated that all new cells are from existing cells?

A

Virchow

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10
Q

Whats the difference between what Hooke and Leevwenhook discovered?

A

Hooke found dead cells(plant) and Leevwenhook found living cells

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11
Q

Cells: what do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common? (5 things)

A
  1. cell membrane. 2. DNA. 3. cells grow. 4. reproduce. 5 respond to the environment.
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12
Q

What happens in the nucleus?

A
  1. DNA replication, information storage, transcription for RNA
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13
Q

What is chromatin? function?

A

packaged DNA(chromosomes) coiled tightly around protein. Carries the cells genetic info. In the nucleus always.

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14
Q

Can material travel out of the pores of the nucleus membrane?

A

yes. RNA travels in and out and specific proteins travel in and out (proteins that bind the RNA and DNA, turn on and off genes)

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15
Q

What do cytoskeleton do (2 things)?

A
  1. help cells move. 2. help cells keep their shape
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16
Q

name 2 types of cytoskeleton?

A

microfilaments and microtubules

17
Q

what color are microfilaments and what protein are they made up of?

A

purple, actin protein

18
Q

what color are microtubules and what protein are they made up of?

A

yellow, tubulin protein

19
Q

what are 2 possible functions of microfilaments?

A

support cells, cytoplasmic movements

20
Q

cilia and flagella are examples of

A

microtubules

21
Q

which are found in the nucleus for mitosis, microtubules or microfilaments?

A

spindles and centrioles - which are microtubules

22
Q

examples of microfilaments are?

A

amoebas

23
Q

what 3 organelles synthesize, modify and package proteins?

A
  1. ribosomes. 2. ER. 3. Golgi App.
24
Q

what are Ribosomes made of?

A

about 80 proteins and about 4 rRNA

25
Q

What happens in the smooth ER?

A

They don’t have ribosomes but they do have enzymes that assemble lipids and carbs.

26
Q

What’s the function of the rough ER (3)?

A
  1. finish assembling the proteins. 2. chemically modify proteins. 3. carry the proteins to the Golgi App. by making vesicles.
27
Q

Where do proteins go after leaving the ER?

A

Golgi App via the vesicles

28
Q

What are 4 functions of the golgi app?

A
  1. modify proteins. 2. sort proteins. 3. package protein. 4. ship them out in vesicles
29
Q

Name 2 organelles that store things inside a cell?

A
  1. vacuole. 2. vesicle
30
Q

what’s the main difference between vacuoles and vesicles?

A

vacuoles are bigger and help provide more support.

31
Q

2 functions of lysosomes?

A

break down lipids, proteins, carbs. 2. remove junk

32
Q

Name 2 types of organelles that capture and release energy?

A

chloroplasts and mitochondria

33
Q

Do chloroplasts and mitochondria have some of their own DNA material?

A

yes.

Biology (34 decks)

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