Organelles Flashcards
2 types of microscopes used to view cells?
light and electron
which microscope uses color? why?
light - to differentiate parts of a cell.
How small of an object can light microscope see?
1 millionth of a meter (can see mitochondria). Electron microscope can see 1 billionth of a meter (can see DNA)
Which microscope has better resolution? Why?
electron. light bend in a light microscope but not electron.
Which microscope can view living things?
only light
How are microscopes different today from the 1800’s?
They use a beam of light to produce magnified images.
What are the 3 parts to cell theory?
- all living things are made of cells. 2. New cells come from existing cells. 3. Cells are the basic structure and function in the living.
Who first said all plants are made from living cells/animals?
Schleiden and Schwann (animals)
Who stated that all new cells are from existing cells?
Virchow
Whats the difference between what Hooke and Leevwenhook discovered?
Hooke found dead cells(plant) and Leevwenhook found living cells
Cells: what do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common? (5 things)
- cell membrane. 2. DNA. 3. cells grow. 4. reproduce. 5 respond to the environment.
What happens in the nucleus?
- DNA replication, information storage, transcription for RNA
What is chromatin? function?
packaged DNA(chromosomes) coiled tightly around protein. Carries the cells genetic info. In the nucleus always.
Can material travel out of the pores of the nucleus membrane?
yes. RNA travels in and out and specific proteins travel in and out (proteins that bind the RNA and DNA, turn on and off genes)
What do cytoskeleton do (2 things)?
- help cells move. 2. help cells keep their shape
name 2 types of cytoskeleton?
microfilaments and microtubules
what color are microfilaments and what protein are they made up of?
purple, actin protein
what color are microtubules and what protein are they made up of?
yellow, tubulin protein
what are 2 possible functions of microfilaments?
support cells, cytoplasmic movements
cilia and flagella are examples of
microtubules
which are found in the nucleus for mitosis, microtubules or microfilaments?
spindles and centrioles - which are microtubules
examples of microfilaments are?
amoebas
what 3 organelles synthesize, modify and package proteins?
- ribosomes. 2. ER. 3. Golgi App.
what are Ribosomes made of?
about 80 proteins and about 4 rRNA
What happens in the smooth ER?
They don’t have ribosomes but they do have enzymes that assemble lipids and carbs.
What’s the function of the rough ER (3)?
- finish assembling the proteins. 2. chemically modify proteins. 3. carry the proteins to the Golgi App. by making vesicles.
Where do proteins go after leaving the ER?
Golgi App via the vesicles
What are 4 functions of the golgi app?
- modify proteins. 2. sort proteins. 3. package protein. 4. ship them out in vesicles
Name 2 organelles that store things inside a cell?
- vacuole. 2. vesicle
what’s the main difference between vacuoles and vesicles?
vacuoles are bigger and help provide more support.
2 functions of lysosomes?
break down lipids, proteins, carbs. 2. remove junk
Name 2 types of organelles that capture and release energy?
chloroplasts and mitochondria
Do chloroplasts and mitochondria have some of their own DNA material?
yes.
