Ecosystems

Question 1

a biome has a lot of what inside them?

Answer 1

different ecosystems

Question 2

the actual place an organism lives is called a?

Answer 2

habitat

Question 3

what 2 factors effect an organism within a habitat?

Answer 3

physical and biological

Question 4

which organisms tend to live in smaller micro habitats?

Answer 4

little organisms, like fungi, trees, bugs, worms and the soil they make/use

Question 5

Whats a niche?

Answer 5

describes what an organism does in its habitat…its work.Including how it goes about reproducing offspring.

Question 6

whats a resource?

Answer 6

any necessity to life (sun, air, hamburger, river to drink or fish from)

Question 7

What are the 2 components of a niche?

Answer 7

biological and physical

Question 8

examples of physical niches?

Answer 8

some animals need water and others need land, some need sun and others need shade

Question 9

examples of biological niches?

Answer 9

biotic features: the food each organism eats, where and how they mate.

Question 10

what is the competitive exclusion principle?

Answer 10

no 2 species can occupy that exact same niche…they’ll compete and 1 species will win and the other will need to change its niche to survive.

Question 11

what is a keystone species?

Answer 11

the 1 species that can make a huge difference in an ecosystem (ex. sea otter is important to pacific coast, it keeps the sea urchins in line so they don’t eat too much kelp which in turn helps keep the fish and birds fed).

Question 12

what is symbiosis

Answer 12

an interdependent relationship

Question 13

what are 3 types of symbiosis?

Answer 13

mutualistic, commensalism, and parasitic

Question 14

what is a commensal relationship?

Answer 14

1 organism get a benefit and the other isn’t helped or harmed.

Question 15

what is mutualism?

Answer 15

both benefit. many of the bacterium in our gut help us and we help them.

Question 16

parasitic?

Answer 16

1 benefits and the other is harmed. ex. tapeworms.

Question 17

ecological succession?

Answer 17

series of predictable ecological events that occur over a period of time.

Question 18

What happens in primary succession?

Answer 18

succession that forms on newly formed rock. Its where the pioneer species forms

Question 19

What happens in secondary succession?

Answer 19

when something disturbs an ecosystem but doesn’t completely destroy it, this faster growing community emerges (often from hurricanes or forest fires).

Question 20

biological diversity and variability is called?

Answer 20

bio diversity

Question 21

what is ecosystem diversity?

Answer 21

variety of habitats and ecosystems

Question 22

Name 3 benefits of biodiversity.

Answer 22

1 contributions to medicine9 ex. penicillin). 2. contributions to agriculture. 3. making organisms more adaptive/resilient.

Question 23

autotroph?

Answer 23

organism that can capture energy from a nonliving source and make it available for other organisms.

Question 24

primary producers?

Answer 24

autotrophs. All life depends on primary producers. ex. plants and algae, some bacteria

Question 25

consumers?

Answer 25

organisms that rely on other organisms for energy. heterotrophs: ex. humans, fungi, many bacteria

Question 26

6 types of consumers?

Answer 26

1. herbivores (eat plants) 2. omnivores (eat plants and animals). 3. detritivores (eat decomposers and the chemically decomposed matter. ex. earth worm). 4. decomposers (eat by breaking down organic matter. ex. bacteria and fungi). 5. carnivores (eat meat). 6 scavengers (eat the carcasses of the carnivores kill. ex. vulture).

Question 27

what’s the difference between a detritivore and a decomposer?

Answer 27

The decomposer (fungi and bacteria) breaks down the dead material and the detritivore (worms, snails) eats the broken down material, making it smaller (and sometimes they eat the decomposers too).

Question 28

Whats one of the biggest producers on the planet?

Answer 28

phytoplankton (algae)

Question 29

feeding interaction in an ecosystem that show how both energy and matter move is called?

Answer 29

food web

Question 30

The way energy is transferred from one organism to the next is called

Answer 30

food chain

Question 31

what would happen without decomposers in the food web?

Answer 31

nutrients would be locked forever inside of dead material.

Question 32

each step in a food web or food chain is called?

Answer 32

trophic level. primary producers make up the first tropic level.

Question 33

models that show the amount of energy at each trophic level is called?

Answer 33

ecological pyramid

Question 34

As the trophic level in a pyramid goes up, what goes down?

Answer 34

energy

Question 35

On an average, what % of energy is transferred to the next higher level in a ecological pyramid?

Answer 35

Only 10% When we eat a cow, we get 10% of the energy.

Question 36

biomass?

Answer 36

total amount of LIVING tissue within a trophic level.

Question 37

How is biomass measured?

Answer 37

grams