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Biology > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a unit of energy from food is called?

A

a calorie

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2
Q

What does 1 unit of calorie do?

A

it raises 1 gram of water 1 degree centigrade

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3
Q

upper case “C” stands for

A

1000 calories = C =kilocalorie

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4
Q

What releases more energy when burned: fat, protein, carb.

A

fat 9C per gram of fat, vs. 4 C per gram of proteins/carbs

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5
Q

Do all calories break down in our bodies as heat energy?

A

God no!!! but some does. The rest is converted into chemical energy (cellular respiration).

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6
Q

Does cellular respiration require oxygen?

A

Yes!!!!!

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7
Q

What are the 2 reactants in cellular respiration?

A

oxygen and glucose

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8
Q

What are the 3 products in cellular respiration?

A

CO2, H20, ATP

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9
Q

Do cells receive all energy quickly from calories?

A

No. Just like plant cells, these cells have small tummies and can only take in so much at once.

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10
Q

What are the 3 stages for cellular respiration?

A
  1. glycolysis, 2. Krebs cycle, 3. electron transport
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11
Q

Only 10% of the energy (ATP) is captured from food in which stage?

A

glycolysis

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12
Q

where is the other 90% of energy stored for ATP during glycolysis?

A

in a molecule called pyruvic acid.

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13
Q

Most energy gets released to the cell in which stage?

A

electron transport stage

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14
Q

Why does the electron transport stage collect the most energy?

A

Thats where the oxygen is located.

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15
Q

Which 2 stages require oxygen

A

Krebs and electron transport.

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16
Q

Where do Krebs and electron transport take place?

A

mitochondrea

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17
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

cytoplasm

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18
Q

anaerobic means?

A

without air

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19
Q

in what stage does fermentation occur?

A

glycolysis (this stage doesn’t require oxygen)

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20
Q

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration opposites?

A

the products and reactants are the opposites

21
Q

What are the 2 reactants in glycolysis?

A
  1. glucose, 2. carbon
22
Q

What are the 3 products of glycolysis?

A
  1. 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (C3). 2. NADH. 3. 2 ATP molecules.
23
Q

Does glycolysis require energy in order to start making energy?

A

yes. It borrows 2 ATP form the cell, then it makes 4 ATP which means there’s a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

24
Q

What are 2 advantages of glycolysis?

A
  1. produces ATP faster than the other stages. 2. It doesn’t need oxygen to make ATP
25
Q

What is NADH?

A

molecule that transports H+ions

26
Q

Whats special about H+ ions?

A

They make a lot of ATP when mixed with oxygen.

27
Q

What is glucose broken down into at the beginning of glycolysis?

A

C3 (pyruvic acid)

28
Q

What’s needed to allow C3 to take all the stored energy into the Krebs stage?

A

oxygen!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

29
Q

what’s the matrix?

A

the innermost chamber of the mitochondria and its where Krebs cycle starts.

30
Q

What are the 4 products of Krebs?

A
  1. citric acid (C6). 2. CO2. 3. ATP. 4. NADH and FADH (electron carriers)
31
Q

What happens to citric acid produced in Krebs?

A

releases carbon molecules to make CO2.

32
Q

What happens to CO2 produced in Krebs?

A

we exhale it back into the atmosphere

33
Q

What happens to the ATP produced in Krebs?

A

powers the cell immediately

34
Q

What happens to the NADH produced in Krebs?

A

combines with oxygen and H+ion pairs to produce more ATP in final cycle

35
Q

Where is the electron chain in prokaryote and eukaryote cells?

A

prokaryote - cell membrane

eukaryote - inner membrane of the mitochondria

36
Q

A lot of pairs of H+ ions enter the inter membrane (not the matrix) of the mitochondria during the electron chain state, what happens because of this?

A

A charge is created that allows a group of proteins (ATP synthase) to spin, churning out ATP.

37
Q

Where does the ATP synthase reside?

A

On the inner membrane, between the matrix and inter membrane.

38
Q

How many molecules of ATP are created from 1 rotation of the ATP synthase?

A

1 spin = 1 molecule of ATP

39
Q

What causes the spin?

A

the charge, forcing H+ ions to move from more dense inter membrane to the less dense matrix (inducing a spin)

40
Q

without oxygen glycolysis can generate 2 ATP. How much ATP is typically generated with oxygen?

A

about 36 molecules of ATP (using Krebs, glycolysis and electron transport)

41
Q

What % of a calorie in an organism is burned into heat? ATP?

A

heat - 64%, ATP - 36%

42
Q

What must be available in order for glycolysis to produce ATP?

A

NAD+….because this is needed to carry the electrons.

43
Q

What does fermentation do to help create ATP in glycolysis without oxygen.

A

creates a path for NADH to convert back to the needed NAD+ (so more electrons can come in and create energy)

44
Q

2 types of fermentation?

A
  1. alcoholic. 2. lactic acid
45
Q

Are the reactants the same for lactic and alcoholic fermentation? What are they (2)?

A

yes. 1. pyruvic acid (C3. 2. NADH

46
Q

Are the products the same for lactic and alcoholic ferm.?

A

No. Lactic has 2 products: lactic acid and NAD+. Alcoholic has 3 product: alcohol, CO2 and NAD+

47
Q

Which tissue n our bodies are best able to produce fermentation?

A

muscles

48
Q

Which uses fermentation: sprints or long distance?

A

sprints. remember: glycolysis requires less time to produce energy (and you need it quick for a sprint) but it also doesn’t produce a lot (which you need for distance)

Biology (34 decks)

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