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Bacteria Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are 4 facts about prokaryotes?

A
  1. They’re all unicellular
  2. They have DNA in their cytoplasm
  3. They lack a nucleus.
  4. They have 2 domains.
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2
Q

What is the largest domain in the prokaryotes?

A

Eubacteria.

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3
Q

Do bacteria have a cell wall?

A

Yes.

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4
Q

What is peptidoglycan?

A

The material that makes up the cell walls of bacteria.

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5
Q

Can bacteria have more than one cell membrane?

A

Yes. E. Coli has 2 membranes.

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6
Q

What are 3 ways archaebacteria is different from eubacteria?

A
  1. Archaebacteria have cell walls that lack peptidoglycan.
  2. Cell Membrane has different lipids.
  3. Some of their DNA sequences are more
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7
Q

What are 3 ways you can characterize prokaryotes?

A

By shape, look, or size

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8
Q

Prokaryotes range in size from what to what?

A

1 to 5 micrometers.

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9
Q

Rod shaped bacteria are called what?

A

Bacilli

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10
Q

Sphere shaped bacteria are called what?

A

Cocci

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11
Q

How do prokaryotes get energy?

A

Heterotrophs and Autotrophs

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12
Q

How do bacteria metabolize energy?

A

3 ways:

  1. Obligate Aerobic (Requires Oxygen)
  2. Obligate Anaerobic (Requires No Oxygen AKA Fermentation)
  3. Facltative Anaerobic
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13
Q

Name 2 types of heterotrophs:

A
  1. Heterotroph (Only Feeds on Other Things)

2. Photo-heterotroph (Can feed off of other things and feed off of life.

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14
Q

Name 2 types of autotrophs:

A
  1. Photoautotroph (Light Self-Feeder)

2. Chemoautotroph (Feeds off of chemical reactions of other things)

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15
Q

Most prokaryotes reproduce using?

A

Binary Fission

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16
Q

What is the product of binary fission?

A

2 identical daughter cells.

17
Q

How do prokaryotes survive in unfavorable conditions

A

They form a thick wall in closing their DNA and some of their cytoplasm.

18
Q

Name 2 ways that bacteria can evolve when environmental conditions change.

A
  1. Mutations

2. Conjugation

19
Q

What is conjugation?

A

A bridge that forms between 2 different bacteria cells and allows them to exchange genetic information.

20
Q

Name a way conjugation has been helpful to bacteria.

A

Sometimes it allows them to develop a resistance to antibiotics.

21
Q

What roles do bacteria have in creating the movie of life?

A
  1. Decomposers
  2. Producers
  3. Nitrogen Fixers
  4. We use them to make other food and ingredients to make drugs.
  5. We have 30 trillion bacteria living inside of us, and without them, we wouldn’t exist.
22
Q

What are pathogens?

A

They’re disease causing bacteria.

23
Q

Who discovered pathogens?

A

Louis Pasteur.

24
Q

What are 2 ways that bacteria can produce disease?

A
  1. Destroying living cells.

2. Releasing chemicals that throw off homeostasis

25
Q

What are 5 bacterial diseases?

A
  1. Lyme’s Disease
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Meningitis
  4. Strep Throat
  5. Tetnus
26
Q

What are 6 ways that we control the spread of bad bacteria?

A
  1. Disinfectant
  2. The lower the temperature the safer the product
  3. Sanitation
  4. Sterilization by heat
  5. Washing hands
  6. Food Processing or Cooking Food
27
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

It stimulates the body’s immune system with either weakened pathogens, dead pathogens, or inactivated toxins from the bacteria.

28
Q

What are 2 types of antibiotics?

A

Penicillin, or Tetracylene

29
Q

What do antibiotics do to disrupt pathogens?

A

They stop the bacteria from being able to make the proteins to live or they stop it from being able to reproduce.

30
Q

What is a negative effect that occur from antibiotics?

A

Antibiotic resistance from the superbugs.

31
Q

Give an example of a superbug

A

MRSA.

32
Q

What is MRSA?

A

It is a superbug that gives hospitals trouble because it has high antibiotic resistance.

33
Q

What is an emerging disease?

A

Any new disease on the market or any disease that came back after a long time.

34
Q

Name 1 emerging disease?

A

Zica. It originated in Africa and is transferred through mosquitoes.

Biology (34 decks)

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