Monomers

Question 1

when elements combine they form?

Answer 1

compounds

Question 2

compounds are held together by ?

Answer 2

chemical bonds

Question 3

Whats the biggest difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Answer 3

transferred electrons vs. shared electrons.

Question 4

whats a molecule?

Answer 4

atoms joined together by covalent bonds. ex. water

Question 5

are hydrogen bonds strong or weak?

Answer 5

weak. therefore, sometimes a water molecule splits to create 1 H+ ion and 1 OH- ion.

Question 6

Does acidic water have more H+ ions or more OH- ions

Answer 6

H+ ions (acidic = pH below 7). Bases have more OH- ions (pH above 7).

Question 7

What is the pH of human cells?

Answer 7

6.5 to 7.5 pH.

Question 8

What 6 elements are found in living things?

Answer 8

Oxygen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfer, nitrogen, hydrogen

Question 9

Why is carbon such a popular element?

Answer 9

It bonds with everything, even itself (forming double and triple covalent bonds)

Question 10

Name 4 macromolecules found in living things?

Answer 10

carbs, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.

Question 11

Macromolecules are built by smaller units called?

Answer 11

monomers

Question 12

monomers bond to form?

Answer 12

polymers

Question 13

Are polymers always identical in a monomer?

Answer 13

sometimes they are but sometimes there as different as a beaded necklace

Question 14

what are the monomers in carbs?

Answer 14

simple sugars called monosaccharides

Question 15

3 examples of carbs

Answer 15

lactose (milk), glucose(sugar), and fructose (fruit)

Question 16

whats the structural make up of carbs?

Answer 16

CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)

Question 17

What are 3 functions of carbs.

Answer 17

store energy, release energy, structural support

Question 18

what is a polysaccharide?

Answer 18

many monosaccharides joined together (such as glycogen - stored in our muscles)

Question 19

Cellulose (which creates structure in a plant’s cell wall is an example of?

Answer 19

a polysaccharide

Question 20

lipids are made up of which monomers?

Answer 20

1. fatty acid chain (carbon and hydrogen bonded chain) and 2. glycerol molecule (an oxygen bonded with carbon and hydrogen) which attaches to the end of the fatty acid chain

Question 21

whats the structural compound for lipids?

Answer 21

CHO

Question 22

Name 3 examples of lipids?

Answer 22

fats (such as butter, oil), steroids, waxes

Question 23

Name 4 functions of lipids?

Answer 23

store energy, insulate our bodies, protect our cell membranes. Plus, steroids act as chemical messengers

Question 24

Nucleic acids are built from which monomers?

Answer 24

nucleotides

Question 25

Whats the chemical structure for nucleic acids?

Answer 25

CHONP - 3 groups (nitrogen base, phosphate group (-PO4) and a 5 carbon sugar)

Question 26

Examples of nucleic acids?

Answer 26

RNA, DNA

Question 27

Functions of nucleic acids?

Answer 27

Store and transmit genetic info

Question 28

Proteins are made of what monomers?

Answer 28

amino acids

Question 29

What’s the chemical structure of proteins?

Answer 29

CHON (yes! there is nitrogen too)

Question 30

Give some examples of proteins?

Answer 30

enzymes, hair, nails, receptors on the cells that signal the cell to react.

Question 31

Give 4 functions of proteins?

Answer 31

1. control the speed of a cell’s function, 2. fight diseases, 3. build cells, 4. transporting things to and from the cell.

Question 32

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 32

20

Question 33

How are amino acids bonded to other amino acids chemically?

Answer 33

covalent bonds which allows for long polypeptide groups

Question 34

an individual amino acid is made up of what 3 groups?

Answer 34

1. amino group (hydrogen and nitrogen). 2. R group (which carries its own unique chemical cocktail) and 3. carboxyl group (oxygen, carbon and hydrogen)

Question 35

Proteins are the most diversified of the 4 macromolecules because of what reason?

Answer 35

The funky R group found in amino acids.