Mendel Flashcards
the study of biological inheritance is called
genetics
what is a trait?
specific characteristic, like shape, color, size
How many traits did Mendel investigate in pea plants?
7
the offspring of two different parent plants are called?
hybrids
different forms of a single gene are called ?( for instance hair color gene with a homologous pair from both parents?
alleles
principle of dominance?
Mendel concluded that some alleles dominate over others in a single gene.
what happened to the alleles in the first generation of offspring between crossbred plants?
the F1 generation only expressed the alleles of the dominant parent.
What happened to the F2 generation? (offspring from the cross pollinated F1 generation)
1 out of 4 offspring expressed the recessive alleles.
probability?
the chances that something will occur.
homozygous? heterozygous?
homozygous - having 2 identical alleles for the same gene. heterozygous - having 2 different alleles for the same gene.
phenotype vs. genotype?
phenotype - physical traits. genotype - genetic make-up
Will a homozygous gene have the same phenotype?
yes. 2 of the same allele will make the gene show dominant (DD)or recessive (dd).
Will a heterozygous gene have the same phenotype?
yes. phenotype - because the dominant gene always dictates the phenotype (Dd) or (dD).
What is one method used for predicting outcome of gene expression offspring?
Punnett Square: How to make…..1. determine the alleles for each parent. 2. determine the possible alleles that could be made for each offspring gamete from each of the parents. 3. make a table with rows (for one parent’s possible alleles) and columns (with possible alleles from the other parent). 4. fill in the the squares. 5. calculate % for recessive and dominant.
What are the principles of heredity? 4 principles
- inheritance is passed from parents to offspring by genes. 2. genes carry alleles that may be dominant or recessive. 3. each parent has 2 copies of each gene that separate when gametes are formed. 4. alleles from different genes tend to be independent (not always though….some genes of a feather flock together (like eye and hair color)
