Phonological Processes Week 8 Flashcards
What do we use to analyse the use of
phonemes and allophones?
Phonological Analysis.
What do we find out when we analyse the phonological system?
What vowels and consonants are used.
How do we find the phonological system of an individual?
Through Speech Assessment.
We use a ____ ________ _______ to elicit data from your client.
standardised speech assessment.
STAP, DEAP, EAT and CLEAR are all examples of what?
Phonological assessments.
What is the general layout of a phonological assessment?
Client names pictures and the therapist transcribes.
In phonological assessment what do we determine?
What Phonemes and Allophones are used, and if they obey any rules.
The expected phonological sounds to be made at a certain age is known as what?
Phonological Development.
What is a phonological disorder?
Not the right order of phonological development.
What is delayed development?
The correct order of phonological development, just slower than normal.
What is naturalness/ a natural feature?
Natural features are easy to articulate aka come more naturally.
What is Markedness?
A marked feature is phonologically more complex, so is harder to articulate, it is less common across languages.
When we start to develop marked sounds, we often will go back to producing ______ sounds in their place because they are easier to produce.
Natural.
What is the most natural syllable shape?
CV
Are plosives considered to be more or less natural than fricatives?
Plosives are more natural than fricatives.
What are more natural?
-voiced plosives/fricative/affricates or voiceless plosives/fricatives/affricates.
`Voiceless plosives/fricatives/affricates.
Voiced approximants are more _____ than voiceless approximants.
Natural.
What is easier?
[ta] or [da]
[ta]
What is easier/
[ta] or [sa]
[ta]
Initially when we start producing speech, what syllable shape are we most likely to produce?
CV.
We tend to reduce _____ sounds to natural sounds.
Marked.
According to Stampe, what is phonology governed by?
A set of natural sounds/ natural phonological processes.
__________ is the easier ways of producing sounds.
Naturalness.
What did Stampe believe about Naturalness?
That naturalness is innate, it is not learned.
What is a phonological process?
Processes convert a difficult aspect of the target sound into something that is phonologically similar but less difficult/challenging to produce.
Making a harder sound easier to produce by changing it to something phonologically similar, is known as what?
A phonological process.
As we phonologically develop, we ignore the _____ urge for naturalness in order to achieve what?
Innate, To achieve Markedness.
A phonological process can either be age appropriate (______) or it can be _______ speech.
Common, Disordered.
Generally at what age do most phonological processes stop?
At around 3 years old :)
Phonological processes can affect ______ structure.
Syllable.
What were adopted by SLTs as a way of describing errors in children’s speech?
Phonological Processes.
Name the 3 phonological processed affecting syllable structure.
Repetition (repeating a syllable)
Deletion (deleting a syllable)
Reduction (shortening a syllable).
What syllables are normally deleted?
Weak Syllables/ unstressed syllables.
In multisyllabic words, the ______ syllable is deleted.
Unstressed.