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phonetics > Lesson 5- Theory Phonation > Flashcards

Lesson 5- Theory Phonation Flashcards

1
Q

What is phonation?

A

Phonation is vocal fold vibration

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2
Q

Phonation is the production of ______.

A

voice

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3
Q

The Larynx is the ____ source.

A

sound

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4
Q

Name the 2 main types of phonation that you can get.

A

voiced or voiceless

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5
Q

What is the glottis also known as?

A

The vocal folds

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6
Q

Name the 3 states of the glottis.

A

Closed, Open and Intermittent.

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7
Q

What is the intermittent state of the vocal folds normally referred to as?

A

Vocal Cord Vibration

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8
Q

What is the theory of phonation called?

A

The Aerodynamic Myoelastic Theory of Phonation

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9
Q

Name the 5 stages in the cycle of the Aerodynamic Myoelastic Theory Of Phonation.

A
  1. The vocal folds are subjected to PRESSURE
    2.The vocal folds ABDUCT (separate)
    3.Subject to the BERNOULLI EFFECT
    4.Vocal folds ADDUCT (come together)
    5.Glottis closes
    CYCLE REPEATS
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10
Q

When air goes faster it creates a _____ effect. What is this called?

A

Suction.

The Bernoulli effect

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11
Q

Due to the Bernoulli effect gas/liquid ____ when it flows through a narrow space.

A

accelerates

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12
Q

Where there is a pressure drop there is normally _____/________.

A

suction/rarefaction

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13
Q

what 3 conditions are needed for the Bernoulli effect in speech?

A

Pulmonic airflow
Narrowed Glottis
air pressure drop

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14
Q

The vocal folds will ____ under pressure.

A

part

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15
Q

Why do the vocal folds tend to push back once they have parted?

A

due to the Bernoulli effect

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16
Q

The Bernoulli effect-

  1. Vocal folds are subjected to ______.
  2. Folds _____.
  3. Subject to _____ _____.
  4. Folds push _____ ______.
  5. Folds eventually ____.
A 
Pressure
Part
Bernoulli effect
slightly together
close
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17
Q

In the voiced phonation type, _____ _____ can open and close ____ to ______ times per sec.

A

vocal folds, 80 to 500

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18
Q

When the vocal folds open and close 80 times per sec, what pitch will the speakers voice be?

A

Low

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19
Q

If the vocal folds open and close 500 times per sec, the speaker will have a _____ ______ voice.

A

high pitched

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20
Q

Name the 6 different phonation types.

A

Voice, Breath, Creak, Whisper, Harsh and Falsetto.

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21
Q

Voice Phonation is the _____ opening and closing of the ______ ______.

A

periodic, vocal folds

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22
Q

If you have purely Voice Phonation you will have a _____ voice.

A

modal

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23
Q

A modal voice is a ____ mode of ___.

A

neutral, phonation

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24
Q

Modal voices have ____ vibration and no audible ____ noises.

A

periodic, friction

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25
Q

Other phonation types _______ with Voice.

A

combine

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26
Q

Breath can be combined with ______.

A

voice

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27
Q

Describe the vocal folds in Breath Phonation.

A

The vocal folds vibrate without closing

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28
Q

The vocal cords in a breathy voice can be described as ____ in the _____.

A

flapping, breeze

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29
Q

In Breath Phonation, what speed does the air flow?

A

The air flows very fast.

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30
Q

If you have a very soft/fairy like voice, part of your phonation can be described as _______.

A

Breathy

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31
Q

When you produce a voiceless sound the glottis is ____, there is no audible ____ from the vocal folds and there is _____ _____ _______. The only noise is from the _____ cavity.

A

open, noise, low volume velocity. oral.

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32
Q

What voice has a triangular opening (less than 25% of the glottis)?

A

A Whispery voice

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33
Q

In a whispery voice, what is produced at the glottis?

A

friction is produced at the glottis

34
Q

A whispery voice can be described as a ____ and ______ noise, it is not necessarily ______.

A

hushing, turbulent, quieter

35
Q

In Creak the vibration is made _____ and the vocal folds are ______.

A

slower, wide

36
Q

Name a common type of creak (think kardashians).

A

Vocal Fry

37
Q

In vocal fry/ creak, the vocal folds are strongly ______.

A

adducted

38
Q

In vocal fry/creak the vocal folds are adducted causing the _______________________.

A

thickening of the vocal folds

39
Q

What sound does creak produce (25-50 Hz)?

A

low frequency crackling sound

40
Q

When is vocal fry/creak most common?

A

at the end of a phrase.

41
Q

If there is very strong tension of the vocal folds, what phonation would this most likely be?

A

Harsh

42
Q

In Harsh Phonation there is ________ vibration and _____.

A

irregular, amplitude

43
Q

Harsh voice sounds quite _____ like.

A

goblin/troll

44
Q

Describe Falsetto voice.

A

High Frequency of vibration where the vocal folds are stretched longitudinally .

45
Q

Name the 3 auditory dimensions of phonation.

A

Pitch, Loudness and Timbre.

46
Q

What is pitch determined by?

A

The frequency of opening and closing vocal folds.

47
Q

If there are less cycles of vibration per sec, the pitch will be _____.

A

lower

48
Q

Small vocal folds= ___ vibrations so _____ pitch

A

faster, higher

49
Q

If you have a lower pitch of voice you are likely to have ____ vocal folds.

A

big

50
Q

What is the pitch of vibration called?

A

Fundamental Frequency (FO)

51
Q

120 Hertz is the typical pitch of a ____ voice.

A

male

52
Q

What is the typical pitch of a women’s voice?

A

220Hz

53
Q

A 10 year old child has an average pitch of ______ Hz.

A

330

54
Q

A louder voice is a result of having a _____ space between _____ ______ during ________.

A

larger, vocal folds, abduction

55
Q

What stage is longer if you have a loud voice?

A

Longer adduction

56
Q

What pressure is loudness related to?

A

Loudness is related to the amount of sub-glottal pressure

57
Q

The greater the sub glottal pressure, the ____ the voice.

A

Louder

58
Q

What is loudness measured in?

A

Decibels

59
Q

What can loudness also be called?

A

Amplitude

60
Q

50dB= _____ conversation

A

quiet

61
Q

_____ dB= loud conversation

A

70

62
Q

How many decibels is the threshold of pain?

A

130dB

63
Q

What is Timbre?

A

the tone or “colour” of voice

64
Q

In timbre there is differences in the ____ of ______ ______ kown as an ______ _____

A

length, opening stage, opening quotient

65
Q

What can low opening quotients be described as?

A

sharp, bright

66
Q

High opening quotients are described as ______.

A

mellow

67
Q

Name the voice disorder- variations in pitch and loudness.

A

Perturbation

68
Q

Perturbation can be caused by _______, _________ and ________ factors.

A

neurological, physiological, acoustic

69
Q

What is voice jitter?

A

Odd variations in pitch

70
Q

What is the explanation for such odd variations in pitch?

A

Vibration cycles vary in frequency.

71
Q

Jitter occurs in ____ speech but has markedly increased in _______ patients.

A

normal, dysphonic (hoarse voice)

72
Q

What is variations in voice loudness known as?

A

Shimmer

73
Q

Shimmer is the variability in ____ of ____ of the vocal folds.

A

amplitude, vibration

74
Q

In English, phonation types communicate certain info but it doesn’t affect __________ eg. ____

A

meaning of words, boring/sexy

75
Q

In other languages what can phonation type affect?

A

The meaning of words

76
Q

Ageing results in ______ amplitude, more _____ phonation, ____ decrease (more in females than males), also both ___ and ____ increase.

A

low, breathy, FO, jitter and shimmer

77
Q

The inference of normal functioning of the larynx (voice disorder) is known as __________.

A

Laryngitis

78
Q

Laryngitis can affect _____, _____ and cause a ___, _____ voice.

A

pitch, loudness breathy, hoarse

79
Q

Abnormal vocal folds/paralysis and voice mutation are both _____ ______.

A

development disorders

80
Q

What does voice misuse cause?

A

NODES- the swelling of nodules/polyps

phonetics (26 decks)

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