Phonetics Theory- Semester 2 Week 1- Allophonic Variation of Voice Flashcards
Define Allophonic.
Small differences in consonant or vowel sounds that speakers of a language rarely notice.
Why does allophonic variation exist?
- Due to context
- Due to language
- Due to personal choice
If there is vocal fold vibration a sound is ______.
voiced
What is a voiceless sound?
When a sound is produced but there is no vocal fold vibration.
What is the meaning of this diacritic:
[h] (superscript so smaller)
aspirated
What is the meaning of this diacritic:
[=] (superscript so smaller)
unaspirated
What is Aspiration?
When (extra) air is released during the opening/release phase of a voiceless plosive.
What type of sound can be aspirated?
A Voiceless Plosive
Name this:
The voicing of the next sound (vowel) is delayed.
Aspirated Stop
The release of air or [h] like sound after a voiceless plosive is called _____.
Aspiration
Would aspiration occur here?
[tin] [pin] [kin]
Yes
If the voiceless plosive is after /s/, is there aspiration?
No
Will this plosive [p] be aspirated or unaspirated?
[spin]
Unaspirated
In multisyllabic words where does aspiration occur?
Aspiration occurs if the voiceless plosive is in the stressed syllable initial position eg. depend
aTtack
Aspiration is not used _____ in English.
Contrastively
Aspiration can be used contrastively in other languages. What does this mean?
Aspiration is used in order to change meaning.
What happens when a voiceless plosive (aspirated) is followed by an approximant?
- The plosive still has aspiration
- This aspiration of the plosive makes the following approximant VOICELESS.
What is Voice Onset Time?
The time from the release of the plosive to the start of the voicing for a vowel.
What does VOT stand for?
Voice Onset Time
VOT is longer for what type of plosives?
VOT is longer for voiceless plosives than for voiced.
Approximately how long is the VOT for a voiceless plosive?
60-70 msecs
Approximately how long is the VOT for a voiced plosive?
10-20 msecs.
______ is very important in English and confusion with this can be a common error.
Voicing
What can we use to measure/describe the range of developmental, neuromotor or linguistic disorders to do with voicing?
VOT
If you have a hearing impairment what tends to happen regarding VOT?
They do not produce big differences in VOT, making it hard to distinguish between voiced and voiceless.
What do aphasics have problems creating?
They have problems creating differences in VOT.
A period of aspiration at the end of a vowel, approximant (liquid) or nasal, preceding a following consonant is called ________.
Pre-aspiration
In what languages is pre-aspiration used in?
Gaelic and Icelandic.
Pre-aspiration is _____ than aspiration after ______ ______.
longer, stop release.
