Phonetics Theory- Semester 2 Week 1- Allophonic Variation of Voice Flashcards

1
Q

Define Allophonic.

A

Small differences in consonant or vowel sounds that speakers of a language rarely notice.

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2
Q

Why does allophonic variation exist?

A
  • Due to context
  • Due to language
  • Due to personal choice
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3
Q

If there is vocal fold vibration a sound is ______.

A

voiced

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4
Q

What is a voiceless sound?

A

When a sound is produced but there is no vocal fold vibration.

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5
Q

What is the meaning of this diacritic:

[h] (superscript so smaller)

A

aspirated

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6
Q

What is the meaning of this diacritic:

[=] (superscript so smaller)

A

unaspirated

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7
Q

What is Aspiration?

A

When (extra) air is released during the opening/release phase of a voiceless plosive.

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8
Q

What type of sound can be aspirated?

A

A Voiceless Plosive

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9
Q

Name this:

The voicing of the next sound (vowel) is delayed.

A

Aspirated Stop

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10
Q

The release of air or [h] like sound after a voiceless plosive is called _____.

A

Aspiration

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11
Q

Would aspiration occur here?

[tin] [pin] [kin]

A

Yes

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12
Q

If the voiceless plosive is after /s/, is there aspiration?

A

No

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13
Q

Will this plosive [p] be aspirated or unaspirated?

[spin]

A

Unaspirated

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14
Q

In multisyllabic words where does aspiration occur?

A

Aspiration occurs if the voiceless plosive is in the stressed syllable initial position eg. depend
aTtack

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15
Q

Aspiration is not used _____ in English.

A

Contrastively

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16
Q

Aspiration can be used contrastively in other languages. What does this mean?

A

Aspiration is used in order to change meaning.

17
Q

What happens when a voiceless plosive (aspirated) is followed by an approximant?

A
  • The plosive still has aspiration

- This aspiration of the plosive makes the following approximant VOICELESS.

18
Q

What is Voice Onset Time?

A

The time from the release of the plosive to the start of the voicing for a vowel.

19
Q

What does VOT stand for?

A

Voice Onset Time

20
Q

VOT is longer for what type of plosives?

A

VOT is longer for voiceless plosives than for voiced.

21
Q

Approximately how long is the VOT for a voiceless plosive?

A

60-70 msecs

22
Q

Approximately how long is the VOT for a voiced plosive?

A

10-20 msecs.

23
Q

______ is very important in English and confusion with this can be a common error.

A

Voicing

24
Q

What can we use to measure/describe the range of developmental, neuromotor or linguistic disorders to do with voicing?

A

VOT

25
Q

If you have a hearing impairment what tends to happen regarding VOT?

A

They do not produce big differences in VOT, making it hard to distinguish between voiced and voiceless.

26
Q

What do aphasics have problems creating?

A

They have problems creating differences in VOT.

27
Q

A period of aspiration at the end of a vowel, approximant (liquid) or nasal, preceding a following consonant is called ________.

A

Pre-aspiration

28
Q

In what languages is pre-aspiration used in?

A

Gaelic and Icelandic.

29
Q

Pre-aspiration is _____ than aspiration after ______ ______.

A

longer, stop release.