Phonetics Theory- Semester 2 Week 1- Allophonic Variation of Voice

Question 1

Define Allophonic.

Answer 1

Small differences in consonant or vowel sounds that speakers of a language rarely notice.

Question 2

Why does allophonic variation exist?

Answer 2

• Due to context
• Due to language
• Due to personal choice

Question 3

If there is vocal fold vibration a sound is ______.

Answer 3

voiced

Question 4

What is a voiceless sound?

Answer 4

When a sound is produced but there is no vocal fold vibration.

Question 5

What is the meaning of this diacritic:

[h] (superscript so smaller)

Answer 5

aspirated

Question 6

What is the meaning of this diacritic:

[=] (superscript so smaller)

Answer 6

unaspirated

Question 7

What is Aspiration?

Answer 7

When (extra) air is released during the opening/release phase of a voiceless plosive.

Question 8

What type of sound can be aspirated?

Answer 8

A Voiceless Plosive

Question 9

Name this:

The voicing of the next sound (vowel) is delayed.

Answer 9

Aspirated Stop

Question 10

The release of air or [h] like sound after a voiceless plosive is called _____.

Answer 10

Aspiration

Question 11

Would aspiration occur here?

[tin] [pin] [kin]

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

If the voiceless plosive is after /s/, is there aspiration?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Will this plosive [p] be aspirated or unaspirated?

[spin]

Answer 13

Unaspirated

Question 14

In multisyllabic words where does aspiration occur?

Answer 14

Aspiration occurs if the voiceless plosive is in the stressed syllable initial position eg. depend
aTtack

Question 15

Aspiration is not used _____ in English.

Answer 15

Contrastively

Question 16

Aspiration can be used contrastively in other languages. What does this mean?

Answer 16

Aspiration is used in order to change meaning.

Question 17

What happens when a voiceless plosive (aspirated) is followed by an approximant?

Answer 17

• The plosive still has aspiration

- This aspiration of the plosive makes the following approximant VOICELESS.

Question 18

What is Voice Onset Time?

Answer 18

The time from the release of the plosive to the start of the voicing for a vowel.

Question 19

What does VOT stand for?

Answer 19

Voice Onset Time

Question 20

VOT is longer for what type of plosives?

Answer 20

VOT is longer for voiceless plosives than for voiced.

Question 21

Approximately how long is the VOT for a voiceless plosive?

Answer 21

60-70 msecs

Question 22

Approximately how long is the VOT for a voiced plosive?

Answer 22

10-20 msecs.

Question 23

______ is very important in English and confusion with this can be a common error.

Answer 23

Voicing

Question 24

What can we use to measure/describe the range of developmental, neuromotor or linguistic disorders to do with voicing?

Answer 24

VOT

Question 25

If you have a hearing impairment what tends to happen regarding VOT?

Answer 25

They do not produce big differences in VOT, making it hard to distinguish between voiced and voiceless.

Question 26

What do aphasics have problems creating?

Answer 26

They have problems creating differences in VOT.

Question 27

A period of aspiration at the end of a vowel, approximant (liquid) or nasal, preceding a following consonant is called ________.

Answer 27

Pre-aspiration

Question 28

In what languages is pre-aspiration used in?

Answer 28

Gaelic and Icelandic.

Question 29

Pre-aspiration is _____ than aspiration after ______ ______.

Answer 29

longer, stop release.