Phonetics Theory- Semester Wk3 Allophonic Variation of Manner Flashcards
What is Nasalisation?
The addition of opening the velopharyngeal port/ lowering the velum.
What cavity/cavities doe air go through during nasalisation?
Both Nasal Cavity and Oral Cavity.
In nasalisation the _____ is lowered.
Velum.
Nasalisation is _____ in both normal and disordered speech.
Common.
What does nasalisation mostly affect?
Vowels (and approximants)
[ɑ̃] - what does this mean?
That the a has been nasalised.
If a vowel occurs between 2 nasal sounds, the vowel will be ________.
Nasalised.
Why is a vowel nasalised when it’s between 2 nasal sounds?
As a shortcut as the velum can just stay lowered through the whole production :)
Nasalisation occurs in English due to _______.
Context.
In ______ for a nasal, nasalisation can occur before the nasal.
Preparation.
In English, what contexts does nasalisation occur?
- 1-2 segments before a nasal consonant
- 1 segment following a nasal consonant.
Nasalisation is not ______ in English.
Contrastive.
NOTE- This nasalisation doesn’t refer to _____ _______.
Voice Quality.
Name the 3 stages of Plosive Production.
Approach
Hold
Release
Describe what a Nasal Approach to a plosive is.
- the articulators don’t move they are already together
- Only the Velum moves
- The velum moves from being down to being up
- Moving from a nasal to an oral airstream.
What can Nasal/Lateral Approach/Release only occur in?
In homorganic pairs of sounds.
What are homorganic sounds?
They have the same place of articulation.
If it is a nasal approach, where does the superscript n appear?
Just before the sound :)
[n_]
What approach would occur in the word-
“hand”?
Nasal approach.
In nasal approach the velum shifts _____.
Up.
Describe a lateral approach.
- Articulators don’t move, the tongue stays against alveolar ridge
- The sides of the tongue move from being lowered to being raised
- Aka. the sides of the tongue are raised.
In lateral approach the ___________ are raised.
Sides of the tongue.
What approach does
“cold”
demonstrate?
Lateral Approach.
Lateral Approach only occurs in ______ pairs of sounds.
Homorganic.
In lateral approach the shape of tongue changes from, _____ to ______
Lateral, Flat.
What is the diacritic for a lateral approach?
A superscript [l_] before the sound.
As well as having nasal and lateral approaches, what else can occur?
Nasal and Lateral release.
In Nasal release the _____ stay together, only the _____ moves.
Articulators, Velum.
In nasal release, does the velum move fro up to down or down to up?
Velum moves from up to down.
How does Nasal Release shift the airstream?
It moves from an oral airstream to a nasal airstream.
In “Submarine” what release would occur?
[bm] - a Nasal release.
If you have a superscript [n] after a sound, what can we say this sound has?
A nasal release.
A lateral release can only occur in _____ sounds, (so can only be _____ for lateral).
Homorganic, alveolar.
In _____ release the articulators stay ______, only the sides of the tongue move.
Lateral, together.
In lateral release the tongue sides move ______.
Down.
What is the change in shape of the tongue for a lateral release?
Tongue shape changes from flat to lateral.
[dˡ] what does this mean?
The [d] has a lateral release.
What is an inaudible release/no release?
When the release phase cannot be heard.
What 3 environments can an inaudible release occur?
- When a plosive is produced before another plosive at a different place of articulation.
- When a plosive is produced before a fricative at a different place of articulation.
- In WF position, before a pause eg. at the end of a word like “stop”.
What does this mean? - p̚
The [p] has an inaudible release.
What is [d] in “bad dog” an example of?
An Unreleased Plosive.
In an unreleased plosive, the two sounds merge, what is this called?
Gemination.
In an unreleased plosive the _____ phase is just ______.
Hold, lengthened.
If the same plosive occurs twice together in a word, we delay the ______, this is called an ______ ______.
Release, Unreleased Plosive.
When a plosive sounds a bit like a fricative, what is this called?
The narrow release of a plosive.
The narrow release of a plosive can also be referred to as an _____ ______.
Affricated stop.
Describe the narrow release of plosives.
- Release Phase is narrow.
- This creates a slight friction noise on release.
What does a superscript [x] or [z] mean?
It means Narrow Release.
