Phonetics Theory- Semester 2 Wk2- Allophonic Variation of Place

Question 1

When we produce speech, we take ____.

Answer 1

Shortcuts.

Question 2

Define the allophonic variation of place.

Answer 2

The place of articulation can shift slightly depending on context.

Question 3

What is a reason for allophonic variation of place?

Answer 3

For efficiency (aka to save time) when producing speech.

Question 4

What is retraction?

Answer 4

When a sound is produced further back than the label suggests.

Question 5

What sound would be retracted in the word “pinch”?

Answer 5

[n]

Question 6

What is advancement?

Answer 6

When a sound is produced further forward than the label suggests.

Question 7

[_] is the diacritic for _____.

Answer 7

Retraction.

Question 8

Is the /k/ in “cake” retracted or advanced?

Answer 8

Advanced.

Question 9

What can bilabial sounds become?

Answer 9

They can become labiodental sounds.

Question 10

A dentalised /m/ can be known as a _______ sound.

Answer 10

Labiodental.

Question 11

When we move other parts of the oral cavity during sound production in addition to main articulation, what is this known as?

Answer 11

Secondary Articulation

Question 12

Define simply what is meant by-

Secondary Articulation.

Answer 12

The Addition of another articulation (an accessory articulation if you like).

Question 13

In secondary articulation there are 2 ____ strictures but one is of a _____ degree than the other.

Answer 13

Simultaneous, lower.

Question 14

The _____ articulation is not as “important” as the ______ articulation.

Answer 14

Secondary, Primary.

Question 15

Name the 4 main secondary variations of place (secondary articulations).

Answer 15

1. Labialisation
2. Palatalisation
3. Velarisation
4. Glottal Reinforcement

Question 16

What is labialisation the addition of?

Answer 16

Labialisation is the addition of Lip Rounding.

Question 17

All consonants can be ________.

Answer 17

Labialised.

Question 18

In English what causes labialization?

Answer 18

Context.

Question 19

In other languages, labialisation can be used ______.

Answer 19

Contrastively.

Question 20

A diacritic with a superscript “p” is the diacritic for what secondary variation of place?

Answer 20

Labialisation.

Question 21

In what contexts in English does labialisation occur?

Answer 21

Labialisation occurs when a consonant appears before a rounded vowel or [w].

Question 22

The addition of tongue body articulation is called _________.

Answer 22

Palatalisation.

Question 23

In English, palatalisation occurs due to _____ and _______.

Answer 23

Context, Accent.

Question 24

In English, when does palatalisation usually occur?

Answer 24

Palatalisation occurs before palatal sound.

Question 25

The superscript “j” is used to show a sound has been what?

Answer 25

Palatalised.

Question 26

In Russian and Irish ______ is used contrastively.

Answer 26

Palatalisation.

Question 27

What is velarisation?

Answer 27

Addition of back of the tongue articulation.

Question 28

Velarisation occurs in English due to _____ and _______.

Answer 28

Context and Accent

Question 29

Superscript “ɣ” is the diacritic for ________.

Answer 29

Velarisation.

Question 30

What is the name for a velarized “l”?

Answer 30

Dark L

Question 31

Does the “dark /l/” exist in Scottish English?

Answer 31

Yes.

Question 32

What is a non velarized /l/ called?

Answer 32

A clear L.

Question 33

Name this:

The production of a glottal plosive slightly before a voiceless plosive.

Answer 33

Glottal Reinforcement.

Question 34

Glottal Reinforcement is the production of a _____ plosive before a ______ _______.

Answer 34

glottal, voiceless plosive (p,t or k)

Question 35

Glottal reinforcement creates a slight _____ before the voiceless plosive.

Answer 35

Gap.

Question 36

Glottal Reinforcement is mainly based on what?

Answer 36

Individual Preference.

Question 37

Define Double Articulation.

Answer 37

Production of 2 articulations of equal importance.

Question 38

Double Articulations must have the same _____ of articulation but different _____ of articulation.

Answer 38

Manner, Places.

Question 39

Give an example of a double articulation.

Answer 39

Labio-velar sounds.

Question 40

What is a double plosive an example of?

Answer 40

A double articulation.