Connected Speech processes.

Question 1

What is Elision?

Answer 1

The complete omission/deletion of sounds or syllables.

Question 2

What sound do we elide in “Christmas”?

Answer 2

The [t].

Question 3

Elision is often a _____ process that happens over time.

Answer 3

Historical.

Question 4

What are the 2 common sounds that are often elided?

Answer 4

[t] and [d].

Question 5

An elision rule is that /t/ and /d/ must be preceded and followed by a _____ to be elided.

Answer 5

Consonant.

Question 6

To be elided /t/ or /d/ have to be in a _____ ______.

Answer 6

Consonant sandwich.

Question 7

The second rule in elision of /t/ and /d/ is that in order to be elided, they must be ____ by a consonant of the same _________.

Answer 7

Preceded, Voicing.

Question 8

Name this:

“Linking extra sound between abutting word finals (WFs) and word initial (WI) vowels”

Answer 8

Liaison.

Question 9

In what accent does liaison occur?

Answer 9

In non rhotic accents eg. English-English accents.

Question 10

Name the two types of /r/ involved in liaison in English-English accents.

Answer 10

• Linking /r/ = Beer-(r)and Wine

- Intrusive /r/ = India(r) and china

Question 11

In connected speech, what often happens in terms of vowels?

Answer 11

Vowel Reduction.

Question 12

When words are produced in isolation there is no ____ in _____ quality.

Answer 12

Reduction, Vowel.

Question 13

In connected speech, _____ reduction occurs frequently,

Answer 13

Vowel.

Question 14

What are vowels often reduced to?

Answer 14

Weak forms, eg. Schwa or capital I

Question 15

You can get ____ and _____ forms of a vowel.

Answer 15

Strong, Weak.

Question 16

The schwa is the most common ____ form of vowels.

Answer 16

Weak.

Question 17

The cardinal vowels are ____ forms.

Answer 17

Strong.

Question 18

What does coarticulation depend on?

Answer 18

Context.

Question 19

What is a phoneme? eg. [t]

Answer 19

• A phoneme is a sound.
• It is the head of the family of sounds
• It is the broad symbol used to represent all allophonic variations

Question 20

A phoneme can be said is the _______ way of _____ that sound.

Answer 20

General, Producing.

Question 21

Slightly different variations of a phoneme, but still all the phoneme, are known as what?

Answer 21

Allophones.

Question 22

Allophones are _____ dependant.

Answer 22

Context.

Question 23

Dental, back, rounded and nasalised sound are all examples of _________.

Answer 23

Allophones.

Question 24

In______ planning and execution of speech, there is a tendency for the performance of a segment to ______ the _____ characteristics of one or more nearby segments.

Answer 24

Neuromuscular, Anticipate, Articulatory.

Question 25

In speech, we plan, what is the proper name for this?

Answer 25

Neuromuscular Planning.

Question 26

Why doe we need to anticipate?

Answer 26

In order for connected speech, we have to have rapid, highly coordinated movements, so have to take shortcuts in order to meet this demand.

Question 27

We can’t move our articulators fast enough therefore in order for connected speech what must we do?

Answer 27

Anticipate :)

Question 28

The greater the mass, the greater the ______, the greater the ______.

Answer 28

Inertia, delay.

Question 29

The greater the mass of the ______, the harder it is to move ______. What articulator is slow to move?

Answer 29

Articulator, quickly, Velum.

Question 30

The size of the articulators constrain their ______.

Answer 30

Movement.

Question 31

Anticipation leads to ______.

Answer 31

Coarticulation.

Question 32

What is coarticulation sometimes known as?

Answer 32

Co-production.

Question 33

What is coarticulation known as?

Answer 33

Where articulations overlap.

Question 34

In coarticulation we don’t alter the ______.

Answer 34

Phoneme.

Question 35

Name 7 examples of coarticulation.

Answer 35

• Nasalisation
• Advancement
• Retraction
• Labialisation
• Palatalisation
• Velarisation
• Devoicing

Question 36

Coarticulation is a fancy name for taking _____ when we produce connected speech.

Answer 36

Shortcuts.

Question 37

We can ____ the movement of articulators or we can move them in ____ for the following sound (_______).

Answer 37

Delay, Preparation, Anticipation.

Question 38

Coarticulation is the _____ of features.

Answer 38

Sharing.

Question 39

In Co-articulation, what generally happens?

Answer 39

One sound influences another next to it :)

Question 40

Is Coarticulation optional?

Answer 40

No, it is obligatory.

Question 41

Where is co-articulation most likely to occur?

Answer 41

Sounds that are adjacent within words in normal (fast) connected speech.

Question 42

Name the 2 directions of coarticulation.

Answer 42

• Anticipatory

- Perseverative (delay)

Question 43

Name the coarticulation direction:

A sound becomes like the following sound.

Answer 43

Anticipation.

Question 44

Explain Coarticulation Anticipation in terms of X:Y.

Answer 44

In X:Y, Y would influence X.

Question 45

Name the other terms that are used to describe anticipation.

Answer 45

Right to left, Regressive.

Question 46

Define Perseverative Coarticulation.

Answer 46

A sound becomes like the previous sound.

Question 47

Explain Perseverative Coarticulation in terms of X;Y

Answer 47

In X:Y, X influences Y.

Question 48

Left to Right or Progressive coarticulation are other terms used to describe what direction of coarticulation?

Answer 48

Perseverative.