Connected Speech processes. Flashcards
What is Elision?
The complete omission/deletion of sounds or syllables.
What sound do we elide in “Christmas”?
The [t].
Elision is often a _____ process that happens over time.
Historical.
What are the 2 common sounds that are often elided?
[t] and [d].
An elision rule is that /t/ and /d/ must be preceded and followed by a _____ to be elided.
Consonant.
To be elided /t/ or /d/ have to be in a _____ ______.
Consonant sandwich.
The second rule in elision of /t/ and /d/ is that in order to be elided, they must be ____ by a consonant of the same _________.
Preceded, Voicing.
Name this:
“Linking extra sound between abutting word finals (WFs) and word initial (WI) vowels”
Liaison.
In what accent does liaison occur?
In non rhotic accents eg. English-English accents.
Name the two types of /r/ involved in liaison in English-English accents.
- Linking /r/ = Beer-(r)and Wine
- Intrusive /r/ = India(r) and china
In connected speech, what often happens in terms of vowels?
Vowel Reduction.
When words are produced in isolation there is no ____ in _____ quality.
Reduction, Vowel.
In connected speech, _____ reduction occurs frequently,
Vowel.
What are vowels often reduced to?
Weak forms, eg. Schwa or capital I
You can get ____ and _____ forms of a vowel.
Strong, Weak.
The schwa is the most common ____ form of vowels.
Weak.
The cardinal vowels are ____ forms.
Strong.
What does coarticulation depend on?
Context.
What is a phoneme? eg. [t]
- A phoneme is a sound.
- It is the head of the family of sounds
- It is the broad symbol used to represent all allophonic variations
A phoneme can be said is the _______ way of _____ that sound.
General, Producing.
Slightly different variations of a phoneme, but still all the phoneme, are known as what?
Allophones.
Allophones are _____ dependant.
Context.
Dental, back, rounded and nasalised sound are all examples of _________.
Allophones.
In______ planning and execution of speech, there is a tendency for the performance of a segment to ______ the _____ characteristics of one or more nearby segments.
Neuromuscular, Anticipate, Articulatory.
In speech, we plan, what is the proper name for this?
Neuromuscular Planning.
Why doe we need to anticipate?
In order for connected speech, we have to have rapid, highly coordinated movements, so have to take shortcuts in order to meet this demand.
We can’t move our articulators fast enough therefore in order for connected speech what must we do?
Anticipate :)
The greater the mass, the greater the ______, the greater the ______.
Inertia, delay.
The greater the mass of the ______, the harder it is to move ______. What articulator is slow to move?
Articulator, quickly, Velum.
The size of the articulators constrain their ______.
Movement.
Anticipation leads to ______.
Coarticulation.
What is coarticulation sometimes known as?
Co-production.
What is coarticulation known as?
Where articulations overlap.
In coarticulation we don’t alter the ______.
Phoneme.
Name 7 examples of coarticulation.
- Nasalisation
- Advancement
- Retraction
- Labialisation
- Palatalisation
- Velarisation
- Devoicing
Coarticulation is a fancy name for taking _____ when we produce connected speech.
Shortcuts.
We can ____ the movement of articulators or we can move them in ____ for the following sound (_______).
Delay, Preparation, Anticipation.
Coarticulation is the _____ of features.
Sharing.
In Co-articulation, what generally happens?
One sound influences another next to it :)
Is Coarticulation optional?
No, it is obligatory.
Where is co-articulation most likely to occur?
Sounds that are adjacent within words in normal (fast) connected speech.
Name the 2 directions of coarticulation.
- Anticipatory
- Perseverative (delay)
Name the coarticulation direction:
A sound becomes like the following sound.
Anticipation.
Explain Coarticulation Anticipation in terms of X:Y.
In X:Y, Y would influence X.
Name the other terms that are used to describe anticipation.
Right to left, Regressive.
Define Perseverative Coarticulation.
A sound becomes like the previous sound.
Explain Perseverative Coarticulation in terms of X;Y
In X:Y, X influences Y.
Left to Right or Progressive coarticulation are other terms used to describe what direction of coarticulation?
Perseverative.
