Lesson 3 Theory

Question 1

Vowels are ____.

Answer 1

voiced

Question 2

When vowels are produced, articulators ____ ___ ______ the oral cavity.

Answer 2

do not constrict

Question 3

Can vowel sounds be sustained?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What does the vowel function as? (In terms of syllables)

Answer 4

It functions as the nucleus of a syllable

Question 5

Vowels are _____ sounds made with the ____ passage of air down the mid-line of the vocal ___, usually with a _____ tongue shape and without ______.

Answer 5

syllabic, free, tract, convex, friction

Question 6

What is a monopthong?

Answer 6

A constant, unchanging sound.

Question 7

What is a dipthong?

Answer 7

A sound that gradually changes articulation

Question 8

how is a vowel labelled?

Answer 8

whether the lips are rounded/unrounded, the height of tongue and tongue backness.

Question 9

How many cardinal vowels are there?

Answer 9

8

Question 10

Produce the cardinal vowels.

Answer 10

ee
ay
eh
ah
arrgh
au
oh
ooo

Question 11

Cardinal vowels have fixed ______ _______ quality.

Answer 11

unvarying auditory

Question 12

who examined x-rays of cardinal vowels?

Answer 12

Ladefoged 1967

Question 13

The front vowels are _____ whereas the back vowels aren’t.

Answer 13

equidistant

Question 14

What vowel is the first anchor point?

Answer 14

i=ee

Question 15

i is the highest front vowel. How is it produced?

Answer 15

The tongue is as high and as forward as possible, the lips are spread (unrounded).

Question 16

What is the second anchor point?

Answer 16

a= aaaaaaargh no. 5

Question 17

Vowel number 5 is the most ____ _____ vowel.

Answer 17

open, back

Question 18

When producing a (aaargh), what positions are the tongue and lips at?

Answer 18

The tongue is as low and back as possible and the lips are spread

Question 19

Secondary Cardinal vowels are vowels numbered from _ to _.

Answer 19

9 to 16

Question 20

What quality to Secondary Cardinal Vowels have?

Answer 20

A fixed and unvarying quality

Question 21

Secondary Cardinal Vowels are not all _______.

Answer 21

peripheral

Question 22

Name the most common spare/floating vowel.

Answer 22

Schwa

Question 23

Why do most accents differ?

Answer 23

Due to different vowel production

Question 24

A criticism of the cardinal vowel system is that is its a _____ chart.

Answer 24

stylised

Question 25

What did Daniel Jones criticise the cardinal vowel system for?

Answer 25

They cannot be learnt from written descriptions

Question 26

A problem with Cardinal vowels are that some reference points are _____ defined whereas others are _____ defined.

Answer 26

physiologically, auditorilly