Lesson 3 Theory Flashcards
Vowels are ____.
voiced
When vowels are produced, articulators ____ ___ ______ the oral cavity.
do not constrict
Can vowel sounds be sustained?
Yes
What does the vowel function as? (In terms of syllables)
It functions as the nucleus of a syllable
Vowels are _____ sounds made with the ____ passage of air down the mid-line of the vocal ___, usually with a _____ tongue shape and without ______.
syllabic, free, tract, convex, friction
What is a monopthong?
A constant, unchanging sound.
What is a dipthong?
A sound that gradually changes articulation
how is a vowel labelled?
whether the lips are rounded/unrounded, the height of tongue and tongue backness.
How many cardinal vowels are there?
8
Produce the cardinal vowels.
ee ay eh ah arrgh au oh ooo
Cardinal vowels have fixed ______ _______ quality.
unvarying auditory
who examined x-rays of cardinal vowels?
Ladefoged 1967
The front vowels are _____ whereas the back vowels aren’t.
equidistant
What vowel is the first anchor point?
i=ee
i is the highest front vowel. How is it produced?
The tongue is as high and as forward as possible, the lips are spread (unrounded).
What is the second anchor point?
a= aaaaaaargh no. 5
Vowel number 5 is the most ____ _____ vowel.
open, back
When producing a (aaargh), what positions are the tongue and lips at?
The tongue is as low and back as possible and the lips are spread
Secondary Cardinal vowels are vowels numbered from _ to _.
9 to 16
What quality to Secondary Cardinal Vowels have?
A fixed and unvarying quality
Secondary Cardinal Vowels are not all _______.
peripheral
Name the most common spare/floating vowel.
Schwa
Why do most accents differ?
Due to different vowel production
A criticism of the cardinal vowel system is that is its a _____ chart.
stylised
What did Daniel Jones criticise the cardinal vowel system for?
They cannot be learnt from written descriptions
A problem with Cardinal vowels are that some reference points are _____ defined whereas others are _____ defined.
physiologically, auditorilly
