Lesson 4- Theory- Airstream Mechanism Flashcards
Pulmonic ______ airflow mechanism.
Egressive
What does pulmonic mean?
from the lungs
What is the pulmonic Egressive airflow initiated by (initiator)?
By the diaphragm
What does supra-glottal mean?
above the glottis
What is the term for below the glottis?
sub-glottal
What is the term for increased air pressure (or when there is too much air in a small space)?
Compression
What is the term for decreased air pressure (not enough air in a big space)?
rarefaction
Name the 3 airstream mechanisms.
Pulmonic, Velaric and glottalic
In the glottalic airstream mechanism, what is the initiator?
The larynx
What does the initiator do?
The initiator moves the air
Name the 3 roles of the larynx.
Articulation (glottal stop), Voicing (phonation) and being an Initiator.
When the glottis is closed what happens?
There is no air from the lungs
In the glottalic airstream mechanism where does 100cm3/small amount of air exist between?
100 cm3 of air exists between the glottis and the lips
In the glottalic airstream mechanism there is no air from the lungs, so there is no air from _________.
under the glottis
In the glottalic airstream mechanism, there is no air from under the glottis, what is this air known as?
This is known as supra-glottal air (above the glottal).
Describe the movement of air from the glottis to the lips.
The larynx is the initiator so either pushes air out, or pulls air in.
What does the larynx act as?
As a piston/syringe
When the larynx moves up, air moves ____.
out
When the larynx moves down, air moves ____.
in
Name the 3 glottalic sounds that can be produced.
ejectives, implosives and voiced implosives.
Articulation in the glottalic airstream mechanism is the same as normal with closure in the _____ _____.
oral cavity
Glottalic sounds need both closure at the ____ and in the ______ _____.
glottis, oral cavity
Ejectives are produced using the ______ ______ airstream mechanism.
Egressive Glottalic
Ejectives are _______.
Egressive
When producing ejectives the glottis is ____.
Closed
When ejectives are produced using the _______ glottalic airstream , the larynx moves ___.
Egressive, up
When the larynx moves up the air is ________.
compressed
Ejectives make a ______ sound.
popping
Ejectives are non ______.
English
Ejectives are used in some languages such as in _____.
Africa
Implosives are ______.
Ingressive
Implosives are the opposite of _____.
ejectives
When producing implosives the glottis is _____.
closed
When producing implosives the ______ moves _____.
larynx, down
When the larynx moves down this creates a _____ effect, known as ________ _____.
suction, rarefied air
What airstream are implosives produced by?
The Ingressive Glottalic Airstream mechanism
Implosives can be both _____ and _______.
voiced and voiceless
How is a voiced implosive produced differently from a voiceless implosive?
It is produced the same as a voiceless implosive apart from the glottis is not completely closed.
When the glottis isn’t completely closed what does this allow?
a small amount of air from the lungs which allows the vocal folds to vibrate.
Name the airflows used to produce a VOICED implosive.
Glottalic airflow and pulmonic airflow
What airflow does voicing require?
Pulmonic Egressive Airflow
Name the 3 voiced implosives.
ɓ
ɖ
ɠ
Again implosives are used in ____ languages.
African
Name a speech disorder to do with Ejectives and Implosives in speech.
Cochlear Implant
A cochlear implant replaces target _____ with _____ or _____.
plosives, ejectives or implosives
name the airstream where air exists between the velum and the lips.
The Velaric Airstream Mechansim
What can the velum also be called?
The soft palate
Why is oralic or lingual used when talking about the velaric airstream mechanism?
As initiation is performed in the oral cavity, more specifically the main initiator is the tongue.
In the velaric airstream mechanism air only exists between the ___ and ____.
velum, lips
In the velaric airstream mechanism there is no ______ or ______ air.
pulmonic, glottalic
Where is there constriction in the velaric airstream mechanism?
At the back of the oral cavity (aka. velum)
What is the initiator in the Velaric Airstream?
The tongue
Name the ways that the front/blade of the tongue moves to initiate air.
up, down, forwards or backwards.
The tongue can _____ air out or ______ air in.
Push, pulll
Name a velaric sound.
clicks
Articulation for the velaric airstream needs both closure at the _____ and in the front part of the ______ _____.
velum, oral cavity
When clicks are produced, the front/blade of the tongue moves ______.
down
when clicks are produced there is closure at the ____.
velum
The tongue moves down and _____ air ____, name this airstream.
pulls, in , Ingressive, Velaric Airstream
The tongue pulls air in, what is this air known as.
Rarefied air
Clicks are not used in ____ but instead in ____ ____ African languages.
English, sub-saharan
When producing a Velaric Egressive sound, What does the tongue do?
The tongue move up and pushes air out.
Velaric EGRESSIVE sounds are _____ possible but not used _______ in the world.
physiologically, linguistically
Name 3 speech disorders associated with clicks (aka replacing a plosive/fricative/stop with a click).
Cleft Palate speech, articulation problems and down’s syndrome
Name some other velaric movements
blowing a raspberry, sucking, smoking, drinking through straw and playing musical instruments like the oboe
When pressure drops, air is _____ ______.
sucked in
Oesophageal, buccal (cheeks) and pharyngeal airstreams are all examples of _______ ______.
disordered airstreams
