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phonetics > Lesson 4- Theory- Airstream Mechanism > Flashcards

Lesson 4- Theory- Airstream Mechanism Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonic ______ airflow mechanism.

A

Egressive

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2
Q

What does pulmonic mean?

A

from the lungs

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3
Q

What is the pulmonic Egressive airflow initiated by (initiator)?

A

By the diaphragm

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4
Q

What does supra-glottal mean?

A

above the glottis

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5
Q

What is the term for below the glottis?

A

sub-glottal

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6
Q

What is the term for increased air pressure (or when there is too much air in a small space)?

A

Compression

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7
Q

What is the term for decreased air pressure (not enough air in a big space)?

A

rarefaction

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8
Q

Name the 3 airstream mechanisms.

A

Pulmonic, Velaric and glottalic

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9
Q

In the glottalic airstream mechanism, what is the initiator?

A

The larynx

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10
Q

What does the initiator do?

A

The initiator moves the air

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11
Q

Name the 3 roles of the larynx.

A

Articulation (glottal stop), Voicing (phonation) and being an Initiator.

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12
Q

When the glottis is closed what happens?

A

There is no air from the lungs

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13
Q

In the glottalic airstream mechanism where does 100cm3/small amount of air exist between?

A

100 cm3 of air exists between the glottis and the lips

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14
Q

In the glottalic airstream mechanism there is no air from the lungs, so there is no air from _________.

A

under the glottis

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15
Q

In the glottalic airstream mechanism, there is no air from under the glottis, what is this air known as?

A

This is known as supra-glottal air (above the glottal).

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16
Q

Describe the movement of air from the glottis to the lips.

A

The larynx is the initiator so either pushes air out, or pulls air in.

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17
Q

What does the larynx act as?

A

As a piston/syringe

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18
Q

When the larynx moves up, air moves ____.

A

out

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19
Q

When the larynx moves down, air moves ____.

A

in

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20
Q

Name the 3 glottalic sounds that can be produced.

A

ejectives, implosives and voiced implosives.

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21
Q

Articulation in the glottalic airstream mechanism is the same as normal with closure in the _____ _____.

A

oral cavity

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22
Q

Glottalic sounds need both closure at the ____ and in the ______ _____.

A

glottis, oral cavity

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23
Q

Ejectives are produced using the ______ ______ airstream mechanism.

A

Egressive Glottalic

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24
Q

Ejectives are _______.

A

Egressive

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25
Q

When producing ejectives the glottis is ____.

A

Closed

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26
Q

When ejectives are produced using the _______ glottalic airstream , the larynx moves ___.

A

Egressive, up

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27
Q

When the larynx moves up the air is ________.

A

compressed

28
Q

Ejectives make a ______ sound.

A

popping

29
Q

Ejectives are non ______.

A

English

30
Q

Ejectives are used in some languages such as in _____.

A

Africa

31
Q

Implosives are ______.

A

Ingressive

32
Q

Implosives are the opposite of _____.

A

ejectives

33
Q

When producing implosives the glottis is _____.

A

closed

34
Q

When producing implosives the ______ moves _____.

A

larynx, down

35
Q

When the larynx moves down this creates a _____ effect, known as ________ _____.

A

suction, rarefied air

36
Q

What airstream are implosives produced by?

A

The Ingressive Glottalic Airstream mechanism

37
Q

Implosives can be both _____ and _______.

A

voiced and voiceless

38
Q

How is a voiced implosive produced differently from a voiceless implosive?

A

It is produced the same as a voiceless implosive apart from the glottis is not completely closed.

39
Q

When the glottis isn’t completely closed what does this allow?

A

a small amount of air from the lungs which allows the vocal folds to vibrate.

40
Q

Name the airflows used to produce a VOICED implosive.

A

Glottalic airflow and pulmonic airflow

41
Q

What airflow does voicing require?

A

Pulmonic Egressive Airflow

42
Q

Name the 3 voiced implosives.

A

ɓ
ɖ
ɠ

43
Q

Again implosives are used in ____ languages.

A

African

44
Q

Name a speech disorder to do with Ejectives and Implosives in speech.

A

Cochlear Implant

45
Q

A cochlear implant replaces target _____ with _____ or _____.

A

plosives, ejectives or implosives

46
Q

name the airstream where air exists between the velum and the lips.

A

The Velaric Airstream Mechansim

47
Q

What can the velum also be called?

A

The soft palate

48
Q

Why is oralic or lingual used when talking about the velaric airstream mechanism?

A

As initiation is performed in the oral cavity, more specifically the main initiator is the tongue.

49
Q

In the velaric airstream mechanism air only exists between the ___ and ____.

A

velum, lips

50
Q

In the velaric airstream mechanism there is no ______ or ______ air.

A

pulmonic, glottalic

51
Q

Where is there constriction in the velaric airstream mechanism?

A

At the back of the oral cavity (aka. velum)

52
Q

What is the initiator in the Velaric Airstream?

A

The tongue

53
Q

Name the ways that the front/blade of the tongue moves to initiate air.

A

up, down, forwards or backwards.

54
Q

The tongue can _____ air out or ______ air in.

A

Push, pulll

55
Q

Name a velaric sound.

A

clicks

56
Q

Articulation for the velaric airstream needs both closure at the _____ and in the front part of the ______ _____.

A

velum, oral cavity

57
Q

When clicks are produced, the front/blade of the tongue moves ______.

A

down

58
Q

when clicks are produced there is closure at the ____.

A

velum

59
Q

The tongue moves down and _____ air ____, name this airstream.

A

pulls, in , Ingressive, Velaric Airstream

60
Q

The tongue pulls air in, what is this air known as.

A

Rarefied air

61
Q

Clicks are not used in ____ but instead in ____ ____ African languages.

A

English, sub-saharan

62
Q

When producing a Velaric Egressive sound, What does the tongue do?

A

The tongue move up and pushes air out.

63
Q

Velaric EGRESSIVE sounds are _____ possible but not used _______ in the world.

A

physiologically, linguistically

64
Q

Name 3 speech disorders associated with clicks (aka replacing a plosive/fricative/stop with a click).

A

Cleft Palate speech, articulation problems and down’s syndrome

65
Q

Name some other velaric movements

A

blowing a raspberry, sucking, smoking, drinking through straw and playing musical instruments like the oboe

66
Q

When pressure drops, air is _____ ______.

A

sucked in

67
Q

Oesophageal, buccal (cheeks) and pharyngeal airstreams are all examples of _______ ______.

A

disordered airstreams

phonetics (26 decks)

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