phase 2 sba9

Question 1

how does ascites impact sodium

Answer 1

ascites can cause low sodium

Question 2

which meds are most associated with prescribing errors

Answer 2

Antibiotics

Question 3

how to know if a bacteria is MRSA

Answer 3

Preliminary antibiotic susceptibility testing shows cefoxitin resistance.

Question 4

how to treat MRSA endocarditis caused by staph aureus

Answer 4

Vancomycin (+rifampacin)

Question 5

how to diagnose influenza

Answer 5

performing PCR on a nasopharyngeal swab

Question 6

what is primary immunodeficiency

Answer 6

weak immune system
history of frequent severe infections other involved family members

Question 7

what is Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Answer 7

a primary immunodeficiency
x linked - affects males
causes abscesses and obstructive phenomena

diagnosed with NBT test - Inability of neutrophils to reduce oxidized nitroblue tetrazolium dye

Question 8

cause and treatment of fungal meningitis

Answer 8

cause - Cryptococcus

treatment - Liposomal Amphotericin B plus flucytosine

Question 9

if someone has Huntingdon whats the risk to their children

Answer 9

Any male or female children will have a 50% risk of inheriting it

Question 10

first thing to do with someone with severe guillian barre

Answer 10

alert ITU

Question 11

when should you not perform a thrombophilia screen

Answer 11

in the presence of active thrombosis or in patients receiving anticoagulation as these cause false results

Question 12

best predictor risk factor for diabetes

Answer 12

Body mass index

Question 13

PSC gold standard test

Answer 13

ERCP

Question 14

PSC first line test

Answer 14

abdominal USS

Question 15

Wenicke’s encephalopathy triad

Answer 15

1. Ataxia (wide base)
2. encephalopathy (confusion),
3. Ophthalmoplegia (not following finger)

Question 16

timeframe for testicular surgery

Answer 16

Surgical exploration done before 6 hours is 90% likely to be successful. Anything longer than 24 hours means the testicle will necrose.

Question 17

minimal change disease treatment

Answer 17

PO prednisolone

Question 18

genetic condition linked to Renal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 18

Von Hippel Lindau

Question 19

define ESR

Answer 19

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate measures how quickly erythrocytes will fall to the bottom of a tube, and measures the fibrinogen values. Fibrinogen rises in cases of inflammation

Question 20

most common cause of Septic Arthritis

Answer 20

STAPH AEURS

Question 21

how to differentiate migrane and TIA

Answer 21

if TIA - the tingling and numbness would have travelled up the arm within a matter of seconds and would most likely be accompanied by weakness.

Question 22

if patient has lung cancer and drooping of his left eyelid and his left pupil appears constricted.

what is it

Answer 22

pancoast tumour with ipsilateral Horner syndrome

Question 23

How do peak flow measurements differ at different times of day

Answer 23

Morning lower, evening higher. Diurnal variation

Question 24

risk factors for aortic dissection

Answer 24

• Connective tissue disorders
• cocaine use
• smoking

obesity is not!!

Question 25

scoring tool for infective endocarditis

Answer 25

Duke’s Criteria

Question 26

scoring tool for rheumatic fever

Answer 26

jones criteria

Question 27

define primary prevention

Answer 27

prevents the condition developing altogether

Question 28

define secondary prevention

Answer 28

aims to tackle a disease that is diagnosed but has not become complicated yet

Question 29

define tertiary prevention

Answer 29

preventing complications of the condition

Question 30

second line treatment for iBS

Answer 30

consider a TCA antidepressant like amitryptilline.

Question 31

what are most GI cancers

Answer 31

colonic or even gastric + oesophageal

small bowel are less than 1%

Question 32

diagnostic conditions for DKA

Answer 32

ketones more than 3
glucose more than 11
ph less than 7.3