phase 2 GU Flashcards
what type of hyprsensitivtity is npehiric syndrome
3
what hypersensitivtiy is good pastures
2
testicular torsion pathophysiology
Spermatic cord twists around itself (1), reducing testicular arterial blood flow; risk of ischaemia and necrosis
definitive treatment for testicular torsion
Surgical exploration Within 24h
90% more successful if within 6 hours
risk factors for CKD
T2DM, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, NSAID use, PKD
tumour marker for testicular cancer
Alpha feto-protein (AFP)
is Enlarged Prostate a symptom of pyelonpehritis
no
90% of renal cancers
Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 90% of renal cancers.
renal cell carcnoma symptoms
loin pain, anorexia, malaise, weight loss, varicocele, enlarged lymph node
what can cause hypertension in renal cell carcinoma
Due to renin secretion which causes an increase in blood pressure due to the RAAs system
What scoring system is used to stage renal cell carcinoma (
TNM
investigation that would be used to stage his diagnosis - RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
CT/MRI
define hydrocele
It is the abnormal collection of fluid within the remnants of the processus vaginalis.
What is the first line management of a hydrocele?
Watch and wait i.e., expectant management as most resolve by the age of 2 years spontaneously
when would u need surgery for hydrocele
If there appears to be an inguinal hernia, then surgery would be appropriate
how to diagnose testuclar torsion
clinical
treatment for textisuclar torsion
Surgery, it is called a manual detorsion REMEMBER: time is testicle so this needs to be done ASAP
complication of testciular torsuin
Infarction of the testicle, infertility although this is rare as there should be another functioning
testicle.
. What class of medication can be
used to counteract urge incntonice
. What class of medication can be
used to counteract this
main treatment for nephortic
Glucocorticoids. Adjuncts of ACE inhibitors and prophylactic anticoagulation
describe osmotic diuretics
Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, collecting duct, inhibition of
water and Na+ reabsorption
As CKD progresses kidney function begins to reduce, what hormone secretion might begin to reduce?
Vitamin D, erythropoietin
first line treatment in ckd
ACE inhibitors –
investigations for post strep glomerulonpehritis
Blood Tests – kidney function + eGFR
Urinalysis – blood & protein
Biopsy – presence of dead bacterial cell + antibodies causing inflammation in glomerulus
USS
signs & symptoms picked up from a patient with chronic kidney disease.
Itchy
Tired,
Swelling in arms and legs
Increased need to pee
What medications are given to patients with ANCA positive disease?
Corticosteroids + Rituximab
why is contact tracing important for sti
prevent the infection of others, prevent re-infection of the index patient, prevent
complications in asymptomatic contacts, it aids the identification of people less likely to
present for screening
neissiera gonhorrea treatment
ceftriaxone and azithromycin
