phase 2 haem Flashcards
If someone had folate and B12 deficiency what do u correct first
b12
why does vitamin b12 cause sensory issues
can result in subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.
Can present with sensory deficits, paraesthesia, weakness, ataxia and gait disturbance
when do sickle cell symptoms begin
a few minths old
secodary causes of polycthaemia
Alcohol
Chronic hypoxia
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Living at altitude
Lung disease affecting oxygen transfer
Smoking
EPO secreting tumours
what is Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
triad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and renal impairment.
Most are diarrhoea-associated (caused by Shiga-toxin producing E.coli) in children
mild malaria treatment
oral (hydroxy)chloroquine
sevrre malaria treatment
IV artesunate.
management for hereditary spherocytosis?
Splenectomy
is alpha thalassemia compatible with life
yes unless u have the 4 gene deletion subgroup
signs or symptoms of immune thrombocytopenia purpura.
Easy bruising, epistaxis, menorrhagia, purpura, gum bleeding
Which chromosomal abnormalities are associated with multiple myeloma?
t (11;14)
what cancer can cause gum hypertrophy
acute myelod lekauemia
What 2 things are associated with AML
DOWNS SYNDRMOME
RADIATION
AML treatment
Blood transfusion
Allopurinol (to prevent tumour lysis)
IV antibiotics
Chemotherapy
Steroids
Bone marrow transplant
clinical examination of patient witg CLL
Enlarged, rubbery, non-tender lymph nodes
Sweating, anorexia
Commonly asymptomatic
tretament of CLL
Chemotherapy
Monoclonal antibodies (rituximab)
Bruton tyrosinekinase inhibitors (ibrutinib)
what does chest x ray in hodgkins lymphoma show
wide mediastinum
treatment of hodghkins lymphoma
Chemotherapy ABVD treatment
Marrow transplant
3 of the common symptoms of G6PD deficiency?
Fatigue, palpitations, shortness of breath, pallor
first line test for DVT
D DIMER
if positive do doppler ultrasound
4 factots in wels score
clinical signs and symptomsof dvt
previous dvt or pe
heart rate more than 100
no alternative diagbosis
what do u give in sepsis 6
: Fluids, Broad spectrum Abx, Administer O2 if required
what do u take in sepsis 6
Bloods, Urine Output, Lactate
levels
differential diagnosis for polycytheamia vera
Acute dehydration, chronic obesity/HTN/alcohol excess
what causes haemophilia c
autosomal recessive
factor xi deficinecy
define bleeding time
a laboratory test to assess platelet function and the body’s ability to
form a clot.
define prothrombin time
a measure of the integrity of the extrinsic and final common pathways of
the coagulation cascade
define APTT
– a measure of the functionality of the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation
cascade
define thrombin time
Thrombin time is a screening coagulation test designed to assess fibrin formation
from fibrinogen in plasma
