phase 2 saq Flashcards
What classification system is used to stage symptoms of heart failure
New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification
first line and gold standard tests for heart failure
1st line = NT Pro-BNP
Gold standard = Echocardiogram
What scale can be used to assess the impact of breathlessness
MRC dyspnea scale
common triggers of anaphylaxis
Foods: nuts, peanuts, eggs, milk shellfish etc
Stings: wasps or ants (bees used in case), latex
Medications: antibiotics, aspirin etc
What medication is used to treat anaphylaxis and what route is used
IM Adrenaline
What blood test can confirm anaphylaxis retrospectively
Mast cell tryptase
follow up tests after anaphylaxis discharge
Referral to allergy clinic/ allergy testing
avoidance advise/ education
given epipen
three differentials for a breast lump:
Breast Implant, Hamartoma, Breast Cyst, Breast Abscess, Lipoma,
Name three examination findings for someone with breast cancer:
Breast lump, nipple retraction, nipple scaling, nipple discharge (bloody), Paget’s disease of the
nipple, peau d’orange, skin dimpling/thickening, axillary lymphadenopathy. Systemic features
two cancers that COCP protects against and two that it increases the risk of
Increased risk of breast/ cervical cancer
lowers risk of ovarian/ endometrial
define sensitivity
Proportion of people with a disease that have a positive test result
define specificity
Proportion of people without the disease that have a negative test result
mechanism of action of clopidogrel:
P2y12 inhibitor
two findings that would be seen in an ECG with AF:
Irregularly irregular QRS complexes
no P waves
What scoring system is used to identify the risk of stroke in patients with AF:
CHADSVASc
What findings on lumbar puncture would indicate bacterial meningitis:
Cloudy appearance
High/ raised protein count
Low glucose
High/ raised neutrophil
three symptoms a child with diabetes may present with
4 Ts: Tiredness, Thin/ low BMI/ weight loss, Thirsty (polydipsia), Toilet (polyuria), bed wetting.
name for deep, rapid breathing
Kussmaul breathing
iatrogenic complications that can arise from the treatment of DKA:
Hypokalaemia, cerebal oedema, hypoglycaemia
main surgical option for managing BPH:
TURP
three differentials for a rise in PSA:
prostatitis
BPH
UTI
ejaculation
excercise
treatment for myasthenia crisis
IV immunoglobulins or plasma exchange, intubation and ventilation
what is Lhermitte’s sign
electric shock-like sensation occurring on flexion of the neck
What findings may be found on lumbar puncture in a patient with MS:
oligoclonal bands in the CSF, raised IgG, increased WBCs
