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Mona Practice :) > Pharmacotherapy > Flashcards

Pharmacotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Moclobemide

A

selective MAO A inhibitor

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2
Q

What are the side effects of Varenicline?

A

Nausea
Insomnia
Suicidal and homocidal attempts
Close monitoring for psychiatric disorders

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3
Q

Types of local anesthetics?

A

Ester type (short procaine, medium cocaine, long tetracaine) ->PABA

Amide type (Medium lidocaine, long Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine)

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4
Q

Drug cause long QT interval ( Torsade be points)

A 
Quinidine
Satolol
Class III antiarrhythmics
Terfinadine/ astemizole
Pimozide
Chlorpromazine
Ziprasidone
Macrolides (Clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin)
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5
Q

Explain the ECG wave

A

P wave= atrial depolarization
QRS = ventricular depolarization
T wave = phase 3 ventricular reploarization
PR = impulse from atria to purkinj fibers
ST segment = phase 2 Absolute refractory period
QT = mechanical contraction of ventricles

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6
Q

Treatment of Alzheimer’s

A

Galanthamine
Rivastigmine
Donepezil
Memantine

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7
Q

Bisphosphonate dosing

A 
Alendronate  Daily (5mg, 10mg) Weekly (35mg, 70mg).
Residronate Daily (5mg), Weekly ( 35mg), 75 mg (2weeks), Monthly (150mg).
Pamidronate (30-60 mg) 3 months
Zoledronoic acid (5mg ) yearly
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8
Q

Multiple Sclerosis Treatment

A 
Interferon B, Glatiramer
Alemtuzumab, Natalizumab
Dimethyl fumerate
Fingolimod
Mitoxantrone
Teriflunomide
Fampridine
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9
Q

Folic acid antagonists

A

Methotrexate
Sulpha drug
Trimethoprim

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10
Q

Medications that cause weight loss

A 
Ezetimibe 
Metformin
Topiramate
Xenical
CNS stimulants
Levothyroxine
Leflunamide
Dementia medications (Rivastigmine, Galantamine)
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11
Q

Causes for hypokalemia?

A 
Vomiting, Diarrhea 
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Laxative abuse
Thiazides/loop diuretics 
B agonist
Corticosteroids 
Insulin
Acute kidney failure
High aldosterone level
Amphotericin B
Cisplatin
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12
Q

Conditions should not be treated if a symptomatic?

A

Increase in Uric acid.
UTI (if in pregnancy Must treat)
Trichomonalis in asymptomatic pregnant woman.

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13
Q

Raynaud Disease.

A 
Dihydropyridine CCB-Nifedipine, Felodipine
Alpha Blocker - Prazocin
IV  PGI2 analogue - iloprost
Endothelin 1 inhibitor- Bosentan
PDE 5 inhibitor
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14
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

It is skin condition characterized red scaly patches

Chronic immunologically mediated skin condition

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15
Q

Topical treatment for psoriasis include…..

A 
Oil base products +/- Salicylic acid
Vit D (Calcitriol,Calcippotriol)
Calcinurin inhibitors (Tacrolimus,Pimecrolimus)
Topical CS ( betamethasone" Hydrocortisone)
TAT
Topical Vit A (Tazarotene)
Topical Anthralin
Topical Tar
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16
Q

Treatment for severe and resistant psoriasis

A 
Oral Acitretin + phytotherapy
Methotrexate
Cyclosporine 
Biological
Intralesion corticosteroid=psoriatic plaque
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17
Q

What is meant by acute bronchitis.

A

Cough -/+ sputum less than 3 weeks

It is resolved without treatment in 10-14 days

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18
Q

Causes of acute bronchitis?

A

Viral.. RSV, parainfluenza, influenza

Non infectious: Mycoplasma pneumonia, Bordetella, Clamydophilia pneumonia

Chemicals or fumes

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19
Q

Pharmacological treatment of Acute bronchitis?

A

Analgesic (Acetaminophen,Ibuprofen)
Antitussive (Codeine, dextromethorphan, hydrocodone)
B2 agonist ( Salbutamol, Terbutaline)
Herbal (Pelargonium root , Ginseng)

Not recommended: Antibiotics, Corticosteroids, mucolytic, expectorants

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20
Q

What is the main treatment for different Anxiety disorders?
Panic disorder/ Social Anxiety Disorder/Specific phobia/ Obsessive Compulsive Disorder/ Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)/ General Anexity Disoder

A

SSRI and SNRI

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21
Q

What is the use of propranolol in different anxiety disorders?

A

For stage fear and public speaking fear

PrevenT PTSD if given few hrs before traumatic event

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22
Q

Drugs used for treatment of General Anxiety Disorders?

A

DOC- Escitalopram
1st line - SSRI & SNRI
2nd line - Imipramine
Buspirone, pregabalin, Quatipine, hydroxyzine

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23
Q

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A

1st- Stimulants (>6yrs)
2nd - Atomoxetine
Bupropion- Venlafaxine- Clonidine

24
Q

Alzheimer’s Dementia

A

Mild- Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine
Moderate/ severe - Memantine
Vit E

25
Q

Levy body dementia, dementia with Parkinson’s

A

Rivastigmine

Quetiapine

26
Q

Examples of Irreversible MAO inhibitors used in depression?

A

Phenelzine

Tranylcypromine

27
Q

What is the discontinuation symptoms of antidepressants?

A 
FINISH
Flu
Insomnia
Nausea
Imbalance
Sensory changes
Hyperactivity
28
Q

Used for Bipolar maniac disorder?

A

1st - Lithium, Divalproex, QOR (Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Risperidone)
2nd- Carbamazepine

29
Q

What cause Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

Antipsychotics

30
Q

Management of neuroleptic Malignant syndrome?

A

Stop antipsychotics
Hydration + cooling
Bromocriptine
Dantrolene

31
Q

What is Akathisia? Management

A

Akathesia is restless leg syndrome
Reduce antipsychotics
Propranolol
BDZ

32
Q

What is acute dystonia?

A

Sustained muscle contraction
Treatment
Benzotropine
Diphenhydramine

33
Q

Which antipsychotics has maximum weight gain, maxiumum glucose abnormalities, maximum dyslipidemia?

A

Clozapine

Olanzapine

34
Q

How to switch from one antipsychotic to another?

A

Crossover technique over (2 weeks - 3 months)

35
Q

What medication used for mild insomnia and jet lag?

A

Melatonin

36
Q

Smoking cessation?

A

1st line:
NRT, Bupropion, Varenicline
2nd line:
Nortryptyline , Clonidine

37
Q

Management of Anorexia Nervosa? DeME More

A

Domperidone
Metoclopramide
Erythromycin

38
Q

Managment of Bulimia Nervousa

A

SSRI (Fluoxetine)

SNRI (Venlafaxine, Trazodone)

39
Q

Examples of neuraminidase inhibitors

A

Oseltamivir

Zanamivir

40
Q

When does the post vaccination protection from influenza vaccine start?

A

2 weeks post vaccination and extend for 6 to 8 months

41
Q

Treatment of chronic Spasticity?

A 
Baclofen ( GABA b agonist)
Tizanidine (a-2 agonist)
Diazepam & Clonazepam 
Gabapentin
Dantrolene (insufficient evidence)
Sativex (cannabis extract)
Phenol injection 
Botulism toxin II
42
Q

Treatment of NSTEMI: Partial block of coronary artery

A 
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitroglycerin
Asprine
 B Blockers /CC blockers
Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinaux
43
Q

Patient wth STEMI occluded coronary artery

A

Asprin
Nitroglycerin
PCI ( available, >75 years, cardiogenic shock, )
Thrombolytics
B blocker
Asprin / Clopidogrel
Heparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinaux (min 48 hrs)

44
Q

Precaution when administrating floroquinolones

A

Separate dose of floroquinolones about 8 hours when administering sucralfate or metallic cations .
It is better to avoid these agents when administrating floroquinolones

45
Q

Patient fentanyl patch fall in bath tub🛁what to do

A

Contact dr..if not available..patch for patch policy…patient return old patch to get the new patch

46
Q

Medications used for Alzheimer’s dementia?

A 
Donepezil = DOC
Rivastigmine = levy body dementia
Galantamine = Vascular dementia

Memantine: NMDA antagonist

47
Q

Cause of Alzheimer dementia and diagnosis?

A

Decrease in Acetyl choline and Beta amyloid plaque

Test: Mini- Mental Scale Exam. MMSE

48
Q

Stages of dementia

A

Preclinical: mild objective cognitive decline🤔
Mild: Impaired instrumental activity of daily life (IADL)💊🚗📞📱💸💵
Moderate: impaired IADL and Personal activity daily life (PADL)🛁👖👔🍛🚽🚰
Severe: PADL cannot be done even if reminded
Terminal: patient must be fed as that are immobile and mute

49
Q

Risk factors for Alzheimer?

A 
Family history👨‍👩‍👧‍👦
Age 👴🏽
CVD💔
Diabetes🍭
Sedentary life style🚶🏻‍♀️
Head trauma🤕🤕
50
Q

Patient with levy body dementia and hallucination, early Parkinsonism . What to avoid??

A

Avoid Antipsychotics

51
Q

Diagnosis of Diabetes?

A

Fasting plasma glucose >7mmol/L
Random plasma glucose> 11.1 mmol/liter
Plasma glucose level> 11.1 mmol/liter 2hrs 75 mg glucose
He Alc >6.5%

52
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms

A 
> 14mmol/liter
Hyperglycemia 
Ketone urine and blood
Volume depletion ( prerenal failure due to dehydration)
Acidosis 
Decrease consciousness
53
Q

Management of diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids
KCl
IV insulin ( regular rapid insulin)
Bicarbonate

54
Q

Management of hyperkalemia

A 
Calcium gluconate - stabilize heart
Insulin/dextrose - move K inside cell
B agonist - move K inside cell
NaHCO3
Diuretic Furosamide
Resins Sodium polystyrene sulphonate
55
Q

Glaucoma Medications

A

B blocker :Timolol, Betaxolol, Levobunolol
a2 Agonist: Apraclonidine, Brimonidine
Prostaglandin: Bimatoprost, Travoprost, Latanoprost
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors : acetazolamide, dorzolamide

56
Q

Some one has cataract 👁👁surgery..what are the post operative medications?

A

Antibiotics (4th floroquinolones, AG, combined products with dexamethasone)

Dilators/Cycloplegics
Cyclopentolate, phenylephrine, Tropicamide

Anti inflammatory agents NSAIDs / Corticosteroids

57
Q

What are medications that cause Cycloplegia?

A

Ciliary muscle paralysis cause loss of accommodation

  • Atropine
  • Cyclopentolate
  • Homatropine
  • Scopolamine
  • Tropicamide

Mona Practice :) (24 decks)

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