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Mona Practice :) > Molecular Biology > Flashcards

Molecular Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum = lipid synthesis

Rough endoplasmic reticulum = protein synthesis

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2
Q

Where is the location of chromosomes?

A

Inside the cell nucleus

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3
Q

What is the total number of chromosomes in human?

A

23 pairs of chromosomes = 22 pair autosome and 1 pair sex chromosome (XY male, XX female)

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4
Q

What is the functional unit of inheritance?

A

Gene ( series of condones that specify a certain protein)

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5
Q

What is the nucleotide formed of?

A

Nitrogenous Base + Sugar + phosphate

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6
Q

What is the type of sugar in DNA and RNA?

A

Pentose sugar
Deoxyribose in DNA
Ribose in RNA

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7
Q

In DNA where is the base and the sugar bounded?

A

Base bounded to C 1

Phosphate bound to C 5

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8
Q

List the purines

A

Purines —-> Pure Gold. AG
Adenine
Guanine

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9
Q

List Pyrimidine nitrogenous bases.

A

CUTe Pie Pye

Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

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10
Q

What bases are different in DNA and RNA?

A

DNA Thiamine

RNA Uracil

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11
Q

The complementary base for Adenine in DNA and RNA is?

A

In DNA Adenine- Thymine

In RNA Adenine- Uracil

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12
Q

What is complementary DNA “cDNA”?

A

cDNA is formed from mRNA to serve in cloning or DNA probes

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13
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

mRNA = carry genetic info. “Codon” form DNA to cytoplasm.
rRNA
tRNA = carry amino acid to ribosomes, contains anticodons

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14
Q

What is a codon?

A

A codon is formed of 3 bases.

There are total of 64 codons (61 codon produce 20 AA and 3 stop/nonsense/terminal codon)

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15
Q

What are the 3 condons on mRNA that do not produce amino acids?

A

Stop, non sense, termination codons.

U AG
U GA
U AA

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16
Q

In protein synthesis what is the difference between transcription and translation?

A
  1. Transcription: DNA —–> mRNA

2. Translation: mRNA —–> t RNA –> rRNA –> protein synthesis “ Cytoplasm”

17
Q

What is meant by reverse transcription.

A

RNA forms cDNA ( Retrovirus)

18
Q

In DNA transcription, in the DNA there is a coding strand and template strand. What is the difference?

A

Template strand = transcribed DNA strand

Coding stand = untranscribed DNA strand

19
Q

Endonuclease enzyme

A

Enzyme that break the phosphodiesterase bond in polynucleotide chain.

Deoxyribonuclease=cut DNA non specific
Restriction endonuclease =Cut specific nucleotide sequence

20
Q

Ribozyme

A

RNA molecule that acts as an enzyme

Ribonuclic acid enzyme and catalyst

Mona Practice :) (24 decks)

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