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Mona Practice :) > Immunology Basics > Flashcards

Immunology Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are derived from lymphoid stem cell?

A

B cells
T cells
natural killers

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2
Q

What does monocytes forms when leave blood to tissue?

A

Macrophages

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3
Q

What are the different classes of immunoglobulins?

A

Ig

G. M. A. E. D

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4
Q

What are the main characteristic of IgG?

A

Predominant (70% of all Igs and 20% of plasma proteins)
Cross placenta and give protection to fetus
Secreted at the END of 1ry immune response and during memory response

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5
Q

What are the main characteristics of IgA?

A

SA= in secretions tears, cholesterol, saliva, urine
Inhibit micro organism from Adhering to tissue
DoNot cross placenta

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6
Q

What are the main characteristics of IgM.

A

Most potent, first one produced by body in response to immune system

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7
Q

What are the main characteristics of IgE?

A

Fight helminths
Elevated in asthma, hay fever, allergic conditions
Located on basophils in blood and mast cells in tissues
Eosinophils and basophils have IgE antibodies receptors

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8
Q

List the types of white blood cells (leukocytes)

A
  • *Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ( neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils )
  • *Mononuclear Leukocytes (Lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells)
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9
Q

Increase in number of neutrophils indicates?

A

Bacterial infection

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10
Q

What does increase in Eosinophils indicate?

A

Parasite infections

Allergies

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11
Q

Where are plasma cells derived from?

A

B lymphocytes forms plasma cells that secretes one specific AB

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12
Q

What are the different forms of B cells?

A

Virgin B cells ( from bone marrow) membrane AB are Ig M,D

Memory B cell ( from other B cell) membrane AB are Ig A,G, E

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13
Q

What are the types of T cells Cells mediated immunity.

A

T helper CD4 (TH1, TH2)
T cytotoxic CD8
T suppressor

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14
Q

What are the different classes of cytokines.

A 
Lymphokines
Interleukines
Monokines
Interferons 
Colony stimulating factors
Tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta
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15
Q

Which Ig has pentameric structure

A

IgM

5 monomer units held together by disulfide bonds

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16
Q

Which Ig is present as Dimer

A

IgA

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17
Q

What type of interferon used for ttt of hepatitis B?

A

Interferon alpha

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18
Q

What type of interferon used in ttt of multiple sclerosis.

A

Interferon Beta

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19
Q

What is used to treat anemia in chronic renal failure or chemotherapy induced anemia?

A 
Colony Stimulating Factors=Hematopoitic growth factors
Erythropoietin 
Epoetin alpha
Epoetin Beta
Darbepoetin
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20
Q

What is used to induce platelets by stimulating hematopoetic stem cells?

A

Interleukin 11 = Oprelvekin

Side effects=fluid retention, edema, dyspnea

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21
Q

What is used to manage chemotherapy induced neutropenia?

A

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors
Filgrastim
Pegfilgrastim
Sargramostin (myeloid reconstitution)

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22
Q

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions?

A

ACID

Type I= Anaphylaxis or immediate
Type II= cytotoxic
Type III = Immune complex
Type IV = Delayed (cell mediated)

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23
Q

What do u know about type I hypersensitivity?

A

IgE mediated

Symptoms: Atopic dermatitis, itching, nasal congestion, bronchioles constriction,

24
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

Ig G, M
Cytotoxicity of cell

Examples
Hemolytic anemia (drug, autoimmune)
Rh disease
Myasthenia graves
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Grave disease
Good pasture
25
Q

Type III hypersensitivity

A 
Immune complex 
Non specific autoimmune disorder
Glumerulonephritis
SLE
Rheumatoid arthritis
26
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity

A 
Delayed
T cell play a role
Contact dermatitis -poison ivy
Protozoa listeria monocytogenes
Monteux test
27
Q

What are the types of autoimmune reactions?

A

Antibodies against own cell
1-organ specific
2-non organ specific

28
Q

What are drugs that induce systemic lupus erythematous SLE.

A

HIPPP MCQ

Hydralazine- isoniazid- penicillamine-procainamide-phenytoin- methyldopa - chlorpromazine- Quinidine

29
Q

Mention examples of non organ specific auto immune disease.

A

Sjorgen syndrome
Systemic Lupus Erythromatus ( HIPPP MCQ)
Rheumatoid arthritis

30
Q

What causes Steven Johnson Syndrome ?

A 
Rash, Skin peeling , FEVER , sores on mucus membrane...treatment by cortisone
SASPAN
Sulfonylurea
Anticonvulsants (phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid)
Sulphonamide
penicillin
Allopurinol
NSAIDs
31
Q

What are the live attenuated vaccines

A

MY BICEPT

MMR = measles, mumps, Rubella
Yellow fever
BCG TB
Influenza inhalation mist
Chicken pox = varicella
Epidemic typhus 
Polio ORAL Sabine
Typhoid ORAL
32
Q

Who should not take live vaccine?

A

Pregnant
HIV patients
Patients taking ( infliximab, anakinra, adalimumab)

33
Q

List killed inactive vaccines?

A

RIP… T… PH… PC

Rabid
Influenza A, B
Pertussis
Typhoid injection
Plaque
Hepatitis A,B
Polio Salk Injection
Cholera
34
Q

What vaccine is Toxoid ?

A

Diphtheria

Tetanus

35
Q

Vaccine with fragments of microorganism?

A

Meningococcal meningitis
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Hemophilus influenza B (HiB)

36
Q

Hepatitis vaccine available for protection against?

A

A and B

37
Q

Types of hepatitis

A

A= food,oral fecal
B= chronic
C= chronic
B & C = transmitted by sex, blood, drug abuse

38
Q

What is vaccine against travelers diarrhea?

A

Dukoral oral powder for E. Coli, Vibrio Cholera

39
Q

What causes hemophilia A?

A

Deficiency in clotting factor 8.

Treatment: recombinant anti hemophilia factor = rAHF store 2-8 C

40
Q

What causes Hemophilia B

A

Deficiency in factor 9 - Christmas factor

41
Q

Give an example of granulocyte colony Stimulating factor and its use.

A

Filgrastim
Stimulate the production of neutrophils in bone marrow
Store 2-8C

42
Q

Give example of Granulocye macrophage colony Stimulating Factors = GMC SF

A

Sargramostin
For accelerating bone marrow in
Non Hodgkin lymphoma
Lymphoblastic leukemia

43
Q

Give examples of HAMA human antimouse antibody? Chimeric 25 mouse

A

XiMab

AbciXimab (antiplatelet, GP IIb/IIIaantagonist)
InfliXimab (TNF alpha antagonist)
RituXimab (CD 20 on B cells)
CetuXimab (Epidermal growth factor inhibitor, colon cancer ttt)
BasiliXimab( a chain of IL2 receptor on T cells, prevent kidney transplant rejection)

44
Q

Give examples of HumaniZed monoclonal Antibodies?

A

OmaliZumab= bind to free IgE so prevent attachment to mast cells or basophils. (Asthma/allergy)
TrastuZumab = bind to HER 2 receptor (breast cancer)
DaciliZumab=bind to CD 25 (IL 2receptor) on T Cells multiple sclerosis.

45
Q

What is the mechanism of action of AdaliMUmab?

A

100 % human
Bind to TNF a so prevent its interaction with receptor
Used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritics, ankylosis spondylitis.

46
Q

Give examples of Fusion protein (Immunoadhesive proteins)

A

Abatacept= T cell costimulation inhibitor

Etanercept=

47
Q

Anakinra mechanism

A

IL 1 inhibitor

48
Q

TociliZumab

A

HumaniZed

IL 6 inhibitor

49
Q

Example of recombinant interleukine 11

A

Thrombopoeitic growth factor

Oprelvekin

50
Q

What is meant by antisense oligosaccharide therapy?

A

Antisense oligosaccarides drugs ( single strand DNA, RNA) bind to complementary mRNA prevent its translation to protein

51
Q

what is mechanism of action of mycophenolate mofetil?

A

change into mycophenolic acid then inhibit Inosine MonoPhosphate ..Decreease Guanosine TriPhosphate (GTP)…supress T cell and B cell

52
Q

what is mycophenolate mofetil used for?

A

in organ transplantation

53
Q

give examples for immunopotentiators

A
  1. Lymphokine = Aldosleukine
  2. Interferons
  3. colony stimulating factors = filgrastim, sargramostim
54
Q

Example of recombinant IL 2 and its use?

A

Aldosleukin

promote production of T cytotoxic and activate NK

55
Q

What are the main side effects of Cyclosporine- Calcineurin inhibitor

A 
Hairsutism
Gingival hyperplasia
Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity  (monitor renal function)
Hepatotoxic (monitor liver function)
Hypertension
Hyperkalemia 
Hyperlipidemia
Glucose intolerance
56
Q

DTaP vaccine

A

Diphtheria, Tetanus,Pertussis whooping cough..
Given at 2, 4, 6 months.. 15 and 18 months
Booster 4-6 years

57
Q

Example of 2 non organ specific auto immune disease

A

Sjorgen syndrome

Systemic Lupus Erythematous

Mona Practice :) (24 decks)

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