Immunology Basics Flashcards by Mona Mohamed

What cells are derived from lymphoid stem cell?

B cells
T cells
natural killers

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What does monocytes forms when leave blood to tissue?

Macrophages

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What are the different classes of immunoglobulins?

G. M. A. E. D

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What are the main characteristic of IgG?

Predominant (70% of all Igs and 20% of plasma proteins)
Cross placenta and give protection to fetus
Secreted at the END of 1ry immune response and during memory response

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What are the main characteristics of IgA?

SA= in secretions tears, cholesterol, saliva, urine
Inhibit micro organism from Adhering to tissue
DoNot cross placenta

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What are the main characteristics of IgM.

Most potent, first one produced by body in response to immune system

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What are the main characteristics of IgE?

Fight helminths
Elevated in asthma, hay fever, allergic conditions
Located on basophils in blood and mast cells in tissues
Eosinophils and basophils have IgE antibodies receptors

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List the types of white blood cells (leukocytes)

*Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ( neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils )
*Mononuclear Leukocytes (Lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells)

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Increase in number of neutrophils indicates?

Bacterial infection

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What does increase in Eosinophils indicate?

Parasite infections

Allergies

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Where are plasma cells derived from?

B lymphocytes forms plasma cells that secretes one specific AB

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What are the different forms of B cells?

Virgin B cells ( from bone marrow) membrane AB are Ig M,D

Memory B cell ( from other B cell) membrane AB are Ig A,G, E

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What are the types of T cells Cells mediated immunity.

T helper CD4 (TH1, TH2)
T cytotoxic CD8
T suppressor

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What are the different classes of cytokines.

Lymphokines
Interleukines
Monokines
Interferons 
Colony stimulating factors
Tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta

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Which Ig has pentameric structure

IgM

5 monomer units held together by disulfide bonds

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Which Ig is present as Dimer

IgA

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What type of interferon used for ttt of hepatitis B?

Interferon alpha

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What type of interferon used in ttt of multiple sclerosis.

Interferon Beta

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What is used to treat anemia in chronic renal failure or chemotherapy induced anemia?

Colony Stimulating Factors=Hematopoitic growth factors
Erythropoietin 
Epoetin alpha
Epoetin Beta
Darbepoetin

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What is used to induce platelets by stimulating hematopoetic stem cells?

Interleukin 11 = Oprelvekin

Side effects=fluid retention, edema, dyspnea

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What is used to manage chemotherapy induced neutropenia?

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors
Filgrastim
Pegfilgrastim
Sargramostin (myeloid reconstitution)

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What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions?

ACID

Type I= Anaphylaxis or immediate
Type II= cytotoxic
Type III = Immune complex
Type IV = Delayed (cell mediated)

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What do u know about type I hypersensitivity?

Study These Flashcards

IgE mediated

Symptoms: Atopic dermatitis, itching, nasal congestion, bronchioles constriction,

Type II hypersensitivity

Study These Flashcards

Ig G, M
Cytotoxicity of cell

Examples
Hemolytic anemia (drug, autoimmune)
Rh disease
Myasthenia graves
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Grave disease
Good pasture

Type III hypersensitivity

``` Immune complex Non specific autoimmune disorder Glumerulonephritis SLE Rheumatoid arthritis ```

Type IV hypersensitivity

``` Delayed T cell play a role Contact dermatitis -poison ivy Protozoa listeria monocytogenes Monteux test ```

What are the types of autoimmune reactions?

Antibodies against own cell 1-organ specific 2-non organ specific

What are drugs that induce systemic lupus erythematous SLE.

HIPPP MCQ Hydralazine- isoniazid- penicillamine-procainamide-phenytoin- methyldopa - chlorpromazine- Quinidine

Mention examples of non organ specific auto immune disease.

Sjorgen syndrome Systemic Lupus Erythromatus ( HIPPP MCQ) Rheumatoid arthritis

What causes Steven Johnson Syndrome ?

``` Rash, Skin peeling , FEVER , sores on mucus membrane...treatment by cortisone SASPAN Sulfonylurea Anticonvulsants (phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid) Sulphonamide penicillin Allopurinol NSAIDs ```

What are the live attenuated vaccines

MY BICEPT ``` MMR = measles, mumps, Rubella Yellow fever BCG TB Influenza inhalation mist Chicken pox = varicella Epidemic typhus Polio ORAL Sabine Typhoid ORAL ```

Who should not take live vaccine?

Pregnant HIV patients Patients taking ( infliximab, anakinra, adalimumab)

List killed inactive vaccines?

RIP... T... PH... PC ``` Rabid Influenza A, B Pertussis Typhoid injection Plaque Hepatitis A,B Polio Salk Injection Cholera ```

What vaccine is Toxoid ?

Diphtheria | Tetanus

Vaccine with fragments of microorganism?

Meningococcal meningitis Pneumococcal pneumonia Hemophilus influenza B (HiB)

Hepatitis vaccine available for protection against?

A and B

Types of hepatitis

A= food,oral fecal B= chronic C= chronic B & C = transmitted by sex, blood, drug abuse

What is vaccine against travelers diarrhea?

Dukoral oral powder for E. Coli, Vibrio Cholera

What causes hemophilia A?

Deficiency in clotting factor 8. | Treatment: recombinant anti hemophilia factor = rAHF store 2-8 C

What causes Hemophilia B

Deficiency in factor 9 - Christmas factor

Give an example of granulocyte colony Stimulating factor and its use.

Filgrastim Stimulate the production of neutrophils in bone marrow Store 2-8C

Give example of Granulocye macrophage colony Stimulating Factors = GMC SF

Sargramostin For accelerating bone marrow in Non Hodgkin lymphoma Lymphoblastic leukemia

Give examples of HAMA human antimouse antibody? Chimeric 25 mouse

XiMab AbciXimab (antiplatelet, GP IIb/IIIaantagonist) InfliXimab (TNF alpha antagonist) RituXimab (CD 20 on B cells) CetuXimab (Epidermal growth factor inhibitor, colon cancer ttt) BasiliXimab( a chain of IL2 receptor on T cells, prevent kidney transplant rejection)

Give examples of HumaniZed monoclonal Antibodies?

OmaliZumab= bind to free IgE so prevent attachment to mast cells or basophils. (Asthma/allergy) TrastuZumab = bind to HER 2 receptor (breast cancer) DaciliZumab=bind to CD 25 (IL 2receptor) on T Cells multiple sclerosis.

What is the mechanism of action of AdaliMUmab?

100 % human Bind to TNF a so prevent its interaction with receptor Used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritics, ankylosis spondylitis.

Give examples of Fusion protein (Immunoadhesive proteins)

Abatacept= T cell costimulation inhibitor Etanercept=

Anakinra mechanism

IL 1 inhibitor

TociliZumab

HumaniZed IL 6 inhibitor

Example of recombinant interleukine 11

Thrombopoeitic growth factor Oprelvekin

What is meant by antisense oligosaccharide therapy?

Antisense oligosaccarides drugs ( single strand DNA, RNA) bind to complementary mRNA prevent its translation to protein

what is mechanism of action of mycophenolate mofetil?

change into mycophenolic acid then inhibit Inosine MonoPhosphate ..Decreease Guanosine TriPhosphate (GTP)...supress T cell and B cell

what is mycophenolate mofetil used for?

in organ transplantation

give examples for immunopotentiators

1. Lymphokine = Aldosleukine 2. Interferons 3. colony stimulating factors = filgrastim, sargramostim

Example of recombinant IL 2 and its use?

Aldosleukin | promote production of T cytotoxic and activate NK

What are the main side effects of Cyclosporine- Calcineurin inhibitor

``` Hairsutism Gingival hyperplasia Neurotoxicity Nephrotoxicity (monitor renal function) Hepatotoxic (monitor liver function) Hypertension Hyperkalemia Hyperlipidemia Glucose intolerance ```

DTaP vaccine

Diphtheria, Tetanus,Pertussis whooping cough.. Given at 2, 4, 6 months.. 15 and 18 months Booster 4-6 years

Example of 2 non organ specific auto immune disease

Sjorgen syndrome | Systemic Lupus Erythematous

Immunology Basics Flashcards

(57 cards)