General..managment Flashcards
FDA Schedules
- Schedule A*=
- Schedule B* =
- Schedule C* =
- Schedule D* =
- Schedule F* =
- Schedule G* =
- Schedule H* =
FDA Schedules
- Scedule A* = disease for which treatment is bot promoted to public
- Schedule B* = official drug standards (pharmacopeia)
- Schedule C* =Radiopharmaceuticals
- Schedule D* = allergic sub. vaccine. blood dervatives, insulin
- Schedule F* = food and prescription drugs
- Schedule G* = controlled drugs
- Schedule H* = restricted drugs
NAPRA Schedules
Schedule 1
Schedule 2
Schedule 3
Unscheduled
Schedule 1=prescription required
Schedule 2=Behind tbe counter no prescription
Tylenol 1, epipen, insulin,vit b12, iron, lactulose,nitroglycerin, vaccine
Schedule 3= self selection area in pharmacy, plan B, Emergency contraceptive,
unscheduled= Topical bacitracin, ophthalmic bacitracin
who can prescribe narcotics
Doctor dentist veterinarians podiatrist nurse practitioner midwife
What is CPS?
Compendium of pharmaceuticals specialities. Contains drugs in Canada, Narcotics, SAP discontinued drugs Approved use monographs excipient information..dtug contain lactose or sulphite clinical information drug interactions. immunization drug in preg or lactation
Current up to date = e CPS
What is Martindale?
Martindale= Teriary source International reference; brand name from other countries; foreign drug inquiry; Manufacturer info; onlabel &off label use ; it contain pharmaceutical data.(solubility chemical formula, stability...)
what is mechanism of action of methotrexate and its main side effects?
Folic acid antagonist
inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
side effects stomatitis bone marrow suprezsion Alopecia rash renal damage pulmonary toxicity
Antimetabolites that are PURINE analogues?
Mercaptopurine
Thioguanine
fludarabine
cladarabine
Antimetabolite that are PYRIMIDINE analogues?
5florouracil Floxuridine capecitabine cytarabine gemciabine
What is COMPUS?
COMPUS is Canadian Optimal Medication Prescribing and Utilization Service.
- Promote optimal drug prescribing amount practitioners and consumers
- Allow decision maker establish policies to promote optimal drug use.
What program in Canada allow access to unapproved health products?
SAP : Special Access Program
Practitioner educate patient on benefit/risk, request product, submit application , report results
Medication delivered to prescriber
Max quantity 6 month for chronic conditions
What does Canadian heath act CHA provide?
Set principal for provisional Heath plan to receive funds: PUPAC Public administration Universality Portability Accessibility Comprehensiveness
What is meant by narcotic reconciliation?
Audit narcotic inventory
- Reconcile physical inventory with perpetual inventory
- Reconcile invoice with purchase record
- Reconcile purchase with sales
- Reconcile sales report with filed prescriptions
Documents kept 2 years
Where to report discrepancy in narcotic inventory?
Office of Controlled substance OCS
What is meant by academic detailing?
Continuous education to improve drug prescribing funded by provisional governments
What is CADC?
Canadian academic detailing collaboration
List the community pharmacy business model?
Independent pharmacy
Banner pharmacy
Chain/corporation
Franchise
What are adv and disadvantage of Independent pharmacy ( sole proprietorship).
Advantage: most basic form; little money to start; control of business; owner retain earning.
Disadvantage: full liability ,
How to address poor performance and misconduct?
(Progressive disciplinary action) Coach and counsel Verbal warning Written warning Suspension Termination
Largest operating expenses in pharmacy?
- Cost of goods sold ( how much u pay to buy item)
2. Salaries and benefits
Reporting Medication Error
ISMP (institute of safe medication practice)
NSIR (national system for incidents reporting) by hospitals/Heath facilities
CPhIR ( community pharmacy incidents reporting)
Report adverse drug reaction
Canada vigilance (fill form, mail or fax) MedEffect Canada (by phone or online)
What is a SOAP note
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
What is inventory turn over?
Average time the inventory is sold and purchased during certain period?
ITO = Cost of goods sold COGS/ average on hand inventory
Inventory turn period = 365/ ITO
Community pharmacy = 11-12
Hospital pharmacy = 8-10
If lower..risk of overstock
If higher.. risk of out of stock
Composition of Tylenol 1
Acetaminophen 300 mg+ caffeine 15 mg + codeine 8 mg
Composition of Tylenols ?
Tylenol 1 =acetamino 300mg + codeine 8mg + caffeine 15 mg
Tylenol 2=acetamino 300 mg + codeine 15 mg
Tylenol 3=acetamino 300 mg + codeine 30 mg
Tylenol 4=acetamino 300 mg + codeine 60 mg
CARN
Canada Adverse Drug Newletter
what is CADTH
Canadian Agency for Drug Technologies and Health
Who funds CADTH?
funders of Canadian Agency for Drugs Technologies and Health CADTH are:
- federal
- provinicial
- territorial
What is CDR and its main functions?
CDR is Common Drug Review:
- conduct review on clinical &cost effectiveness of NEW drugs.
- Formulary recommendation for NEW drug to public funded drug plan
Heath care expenditures or spendings
- Hospitals
- Drugs
- Salaries
Methadone prescription regulations description
NO Verbal prescription
NO Refills
NO transfer
Schedule F ( Food and drug regulations)
Replaced by prescription drug list
Healthcare funding in Canada
Predominantly public sector -70%
Private sector-30%
Used in pharmacoechonomic to compare the cost of two treatments when both have equivalent effectiveness
Cost minimization analysis
To determine the least costly alternative
CARN is published by
Health canada
[Marketed Health Product Directorate]
PIPEDA
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Act
Measure Cost and Benefit and convert into monetary terms (Dollars).
Expressed as Benefit / Cost ratio
Cost Benefit Analysis
Profit Margin %
= ( Sales-COGS)/Sales]* 100
What is the Blue Print of Pharmacy in Canada.
Launched by : Canadian Pharmacist Association CPha
Aim: Align pharmacy practice with Canadian needs.
Define a vision and Action plan to help pharmacy and pharmacy technician meet expanded role
What are 5 areas highlighted in vision document in Pharmacy Blue print?
- Pharmacy Human Resources
- Education and CPD
- Information and Communication technology
- Financial viability and sustainability
- Legislation, regulation and liability
What is the composition of Tylenol 1
Acetaminophen 300 mg+ Caffaine 15mg + Codeine 8mg
It is excempted codeine preparation as it contains 8mg codeine/tablet and other 2 non narcotic ingredients
What is the expanded scope activities for the pharmacist?
Pharmacist take more clinical and patient focus role.
- Provide emergency prescription refill.
- Renew and extend prescription.
- Change drug dose or formulation.
- Make therapeutic substituents
- Adaptation of prescriptions
- Prescription for minor ailments
- Initiate prescription drug therapy
3, Order/ interpret lab test
4. Administration of drugs by injection injections for immunization
Prescribing scope of practice
Physician Veterinarians Dentistry Midwife Nurse practitioner Optometrist Pharmacist
Difference between Pharmacy Technician and pharmacy assistant.
Pharmacy technician can take verbal orders and transfer prescriptions BUT the pharmacy assistant CANNOT.
Pharmacy technician tasks:
- Prescription receive, also verbal prescription receive
- Data entry, label, pack, insurance
- No Narcotic ordering or receiving (. ولا هقدر اشترى ولا أبيع narcotics)
- Demonstrate medical devices
- Liability insurance
What are the behavior related to heath care.
- Health behavior.
- Illness behavior
- Sick behavior
What are the format of pharmacy?
Independent
Banner
Franchise
Corporate
Sole proprietorship ملكيه فردين
Advantages:
Easy, inexpensive to start, less working capital, راس المال اقل , autonomy, all profit yours
Disadvantages
Unlimited liability ( personal asset can be used to pay debts if needed)
Not continuous
Partnership pharmacy
Can be Limited or General
Corporate Pharmacy advantages and disadvantages
Advantage: الشركه كيان قانوني منفصل عن المالكين أو المساهمين
Limited liability
Easy to raise capital زيادة راس المال by selling shares
Disadvantage:
Complicated to start
Conflict between share holders and BOD
Difference between
Associate franchise and Banner
Associate franchise:
No capital investment but central distribution
Banner
Capital investment but no central distribution
What is most important in business location analysis?
Market area analysis ( تحليل منطقه السوق )
- population:
- sites consideration: relation of cost to productivity, Space shape, parking, use of ratios, convenience. And distance, sales per square feet.
- trading area:
What are the three basic financial statement.
- Balance sheet الميزانية العمومية assists and liability
- Income Statement بيان الدخل ٠٠ءprofil and loss Statement
- Statement of retained earning بيان الأرباح المحتجزه dividend payment, net income
Income statement components
Income statement indicator :
- Sales = unit price x unit volume
- Cost of good sold COGS =unit cost x unit volume
- Sales -COGS = gross margin/ gross profit
- Gross margin-expenses = net profit
What is the auto substitution policy?
This policy has a list of therapeutically interchangeable drugs, if a physician orders a drug that is not in the formulary then it is automatically substituted to the therapeutically equivalent drug that is available in the formulary according to this policy
What is profit.
Gross margin- Total expenses
Which governing body is responsible for regulating the practice of manufacturing drugs in Canada?
Food and Drugs act
