Anti cancer drugs Flashcards
What can be used for treatment of anti cancer drugs related neutropenia?
Filgrastim, Sargramostin
How to treat anti cancer related anemia.
Erythropoietin
How to protect from cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin.
Dexrazoxane= Iron chelation
Examples of antimetabolite anti cancer agents?
CCS= Cell cycle specific drugs
S phase
Folic acid antagonist= methotrexate
Purine= mercaptopurine,thioguanine,fludarabine, cladarabine
Pyramidine=5florouracil, capecetabine, floxuridine, cytarabine, gemcitabine
How to protect from the extravasation of Mechlorethanolamine ?
Add isotonic sodium thiosulphite to inactivate drug
List the monoclonal Antibodies used for cancer treatment?
Trastuzumab = HER2 inhibitor Rituximab= CD 20 antigen in B cells Bevacizumab = Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF Cetuximab = Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR
What are the drugs that interact with 6mercaptopurine?
Feboxustat and allopurinol (Xanthine oxidase inhibitors) so we have to reduce dose of 6 mercaptopurine
What is the mechanism of action of 5 flurouracil?
It is prodrug ( not oral) that inhibit thymidylate synthase
Topically or IV
NB. Leucovorin potentiate its mechanism of action
Name two prodrugs of florouracil?
Capecitabine
Floxuridine
What are the classes of alkylating anti-cancer agents ?
Cell cycle non specific.
Nitrogen mustard = Mechlorethanolamine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, chlorambucil
Nitrosourea= Carmustine, Lomustine
Platinum compounds=cisplatin,carboplatin
Give examples of Topoisomerase I enzyme inhibitors.
Irinotecan
Topotecan
S phase specific
Camptothecin derivatives
Give two examples of Topoisomerase II inhibitors?
Etoposide
Teniposide
Block cell in S to G2 phases
How to prevent hemorrhage cystitis?
Adequate hydration
MESNA
What are the cell cycle phases?
Go= resting G1=Synthesis of enzymes for DNA synthesis S=DNA replication G2= Synthesis of components for mitosis M= mitotic tubule formation
Example of a steroidal inhibitor of aromatase enzyme? List side effects?
Exemestane
Nausea, hot flashes, Acne, Hair changes
Non steroidal/ Imidazole aromatase inhibitors
Anastrazole
Letrozole
What are the different classes of anti cancer agents?
Antimetabolites (Folic acid antagonist/purine antagonist/pyrimidine antagonist)
Plant alkaloids (Vinca, taxanes, camptothecin, podophyllotoxin)
Antibiotics(Anthracyclines, miscellaneous)
Hormones
Monoclonal antibodies
Alkylating agents associated with hemorrhagic cystitis due to release of acroline?
Cyclophosphamide
Ifosphamide
Used to treat insulinomas
Streptozocin
What is the mechanism of action of Vince alkaloids?
Prevent assembly of tubulin to form microtubules.
What is the mechanism of action of paclitaxel, docetaxel ( Taxane family)?
Prevent the disassembly of microtubules into tubulin
How to manage xerostomia (dry mouth) associated with radiation therapy?
Sugar free candy, sugar free gum, ice chips,saliva substitute, pilocarpine 5mg tab
How can u manage thrombocytopenia?
Oprelvekin (interleukin 11)
Least bone marrow depression anti cancer.
Bleomycin
What anticancer agents are associated with congestive Herat failure risk?
Doxorubicin Danuorubicin Epirubicin Mitoxantrone Trastuzumab
Doc for treatment if delayed nausea and vomiting ?
Dexamethasone
Drug of choice for anticipatory nausea and vomiting?
Benzodiazepines
Which anticancer drugs are associated with pulmonary toxicity?
Methotrexate, Bleomycin, carmustine, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin, Vinca alkaloids
What is the difference between hypertrophic and hyperplasia
HyperTROPY is increase in cell SIZE.
HyperPLASIA is increase in cell NUMBER.
What are the side effects of SERM Tamoxifen?
Hot flashes Hypercalcemia Vaginal bleeding Thromboembolism Endometrial cancer
Give 3 examples of non-steroidal anti androgens used for treatment of prostate cancer?
Bicalutamide oral
Nilutamide oral
Flutamide oral
What are the characteristics of Tumor lysis syndrome?
Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia Hyperurecimia Hyperphosphotemia Renal failure
Name an anti angiogenesis monoclonal antibody?
Bevacizumab humanize monoclonal antibody
What are the different types of monoclonal antibodies?
Momab=murine
Ximab=chimeric
Zumab= humanized
Mumab=human
Malignant neoplasm categories
Skin= malignant melanoma Epithelium=carcinoma Endothelium=kaposis sarcoma Connective tissue= sarcoma Lymphoid tissue=lymphoma Bone marrow=leukemia
Anti cancer with least bone marrow depression?
Bleomycin
Agent used to protect the kidney from the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin?
Amifostine
Anti cancer alkylating agents that release Carole in that damage the kidney?
Cyclophosphamide
ifosfamide
Anti cancer drugs that cause pulmonary toxicity.
Bleomycin
Methotrexate
Carmustine
Mitomycin
